Phytopharmacological Profiling of Linum Usitatissimum.L (Flax Seeds)-A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Linum usitatissimum L., commonly known as flaxseed or linseed, is a widely utilized medicinal and nutritional plant belonging to the family Linaceace. It has been traditionally consumed for its laxative, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective properties and has gained significant scientific attention due to its rich phytochemical composition. Flaxseeds are a valuable source of omega-3 fatty acids (alpha-linolenic acid,) lignans (secoisolariciresinol diglucoside), dietary fibers, proteins, phenolic acids, flavonoids, carotenoids, vitamins, and essential minerals. This review comprehensively summarizes the plant profile, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of flaxseeds based on in vitro, in vivo, and in silico studies. Experimental and clinical evidence highlights their beneficial effects in the management of cardiovascular diseases, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, inflammatory disorders, cancer, renal disorders and postmenopausal complications. The multifaceted pharmacological actions of flaxseeds are primarily attributed to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and hormone-modulating properties. Overall, flaxseeds represent a promising nutraceutical with significant therapeutic potential for the prevention and management of chronic metabolic and degenerative diseases