International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Life Sciences
type: channel
publisher: Pharma Research Library
language: en
publication name: International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Life Sciences
issn: 2321-5038
items: A Review on Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring and Current Status of Pharmacovigilance Activities in India
items: Preparation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Anti-Dandruff Shampoo
items: Development and Validation of a Laser Diffraction-Based Particle Size Characterization Method for Carbamazepine Oral Suspension USP (100 mg/5 mL)
items: Development and Evaluation of Controlled-Release Matrix Tablets of Quetiapine Fumarate Using Hydrophilic Polymers
items: Comparative Evaluation of Erythropoietin therapy with and Without Iron Supplementation in Anemia Among CKD Patients on Hemodialysis
items: Comparative Study of Efficacy of Addition of Prokinetics to Proton Pump Inhibitors in Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
items: Study of Incidence of Malaria, Dengue and Chikungunya Fevers among Febrile Patients Visiting Tertiary Care Hospital
items: Transforming Patient Care through Clinical Pharmacy: Integration of AI, Pharmacogenomics, and Evidence-Based Practice
items: Hypocalcaemia as a Consequence of Blood Transfusion in the Patients with Liver Impairment and General Approaches for the Management
items: A New Validated Reverse Phase Liquid Chromatography Method for the Simultaneous Estimation of Sulfadoxine and Pyrimethamine in Combined Tablet Dosage Form
items: A Study on Evaluation of Therapeutic Strategies for Management of Myocardial Infarction Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital
items: A Study on Evaluation of Renal Drug Dosing Practices, Stages, Treatment Profile and Outcomes in Kidney Disease Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital
items: A prospective study on comorbidities associated with Asthma and its Therapeutic outcomes
items: Quality by Design Approach in HPLC Method Development and Validation of Iptacopn Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
items: Formulation and Evaluation of Sustained Release Matrix Tablet of Fosinopril
items: The Current Insights on Diagnostic Profile, Clinical Manifestations and Evidence Based Treatment for Prevention of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
items: Retrospective Study of Complications Risk factors and Management of Pancreatitis
items: Solubility Enhancement and Formulation of Lovastatin Self Emulsifying Drug Delivery System
items: Formulation and evaluation of enteric coated tablets of Pantoprazole
items: To Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Fixed-Dose Combination of Teneligliptin and Pioglitazone (Tiban P) in Iraqi Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
items: Design and Performance Evaluation of Unidirectional Buccal Patches Loaded with Carbamazepine: A Comprehensive Formulation Study
items: Pharmacological and Toxicological Studies of Cyclosporine for Anti-Rheumatoid Activity
items: Polymer Based Nanocarriers: A Promising Platform for Targeted Drug Delivery
items: A Review on Prepraration and Evaluation of Herbal Shampoo and Its Applications
items: Prospective Study on Pattern of Adverse Drug Reactions to Anti-Cancer Drugs at a Tertiary Care Hospital
items: Formulation and Evaluation of gastro retentive Tablet of verapamil
items: Formulation and Assessment of Rapidly Disintegrating Tablets of Empagliflozin by Enhancing Dissolution Rate and Bioavailability
items: Preparation and Characterization of Labetalol Nanoparticles by Precipitation Techniques
items: Trace Elements in the Soil of Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh
items: Formulation and Evaluation of a Transdermal Drug Delivery System for a Lipid Lowering Drug Fluvastatin sodium

A Review on Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring and Current Status of Pharmacovigilance Activities in India
type: item
description: Pharmacovigilance is the science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, and prevention of adverse effects or any other possible drug-related problems, including herbal medicines. Adverse drug reactions (ADR) is one of the common causes of prolonged hospitalization and death among patients. Pharmacovigilance plays a key role in the surveillance of adverse drug reactions. Around 10% of hospital admissions are estimated to be due to ADRs and about 5-20% of hospitalized patients experience a serious ADR. Pharmacovigilance plays a prominent role in establishing the safety profile of marketed drugs pharmacovigilance is an important and integral part of the safe practice of medicine. Only a small proportion of the ADR are reported to the central monitoring center. Most of the ADR’s go unrecognized in the guise of a disease or a symptom of a disease. Spontaneous reporting is a method of ADR identification that relies on healthcare professionals to identify and report suspected ADRs. The major limitation of this method is under-reporting. Patient reporting of ADRs aims to increase the number of reported ADRs and is, therefore, another way to improve treatment safety. Hence there is a need for better reporting of ADRs and the creation of a database that allows feedback and drug alerts by the central agency (PvPI) and better management of patients. Causality assessment is the method by which the extent of the relationship between a drug and a suspected reaction is established. The majority of ADRs were probable in causality and moderate in severity. However, the preventability assessment was a challenge for the data of this study. There is a necessity to increase awareness of the importance of ADR reporting among healthcare professionals must be followed.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Pharmacovigilance
  topic: keywords
subject: ADRs
  topic: keywords
subject: Healthcare professionals
  topic: keywords
subject: Spontaneous reporting
  topic: keywords
subject: PvPI
  topic: keywords
creator: Vamsi Danyasi
creator: Lokesh Naik
creator: Sreenadh Reddy
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-07-13
publication date: 2026-07-13
starting page: 55
ending page: 61
doi: 10.30904/j.ijrpls.2026.4982

Preparation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Anti-Dandruff Shampoo
type: item
description: Dandruff is one of the most common scalp disorders affecting a large population worldwide. Although several synthetic anti-dandruff shampoos are available, their prolonged use may cause adverse effects such as scalp irritation, dryness, and hair damage. Herbal formulations offer a safer and more economical alternative due to their natural origin and reduced side effects. The present study was undertaken to formulate and evaluate a polyherbal anti-dandruff shampoo containing Acacia concinna, Azadirachta indica, Emblica officinalis, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Sapindus mukorossi, and Aloe vera. The shampoo was prepared using herbal extracts and evaluated for various physicochemical and performance parameters including physical appearance, pH, percentage solid content, cleaning action, detergency ability, foam stability, microbial activity, and stability studies. The formulated shampoo exhibited a pleasant green appearance with good homogeneity and acceptable consistency. The pH of the formulation was found to be 5.8, which is compatible with scalp and hair physiology. The solid content was 24.11±0.03%, indicating good product quality and ease of application. The formulated shampoo demonstrated satisfactory cleaning ability (34±0.04%) and detergency power (67±0.72%), which were superior to the standard formulation. Foam stability studies revealed good foam retention throughout the test period, indicating desirable cleansing performance. Antimicrobial evaluation showed effective activity against dandruff-associated microorganisms including Malassezia furfur, Staphylococcus aureus, and Aspergillus niger. Stability studies confirmed that the formulation remained physically stable under the tested conditions. The results indicate that the developed polyherbal anti-dandruff shampoo possesses good cleansing properties, acceptable physicochemical characteristics, promising antimicrobial activity, and excellent stability. Therefore, the formulation may serve as a safe and effectiv…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Polyherbal Shampoo
  topic: keywords
subject: Anti-Dandruff
  topic: keywords
subject: Herbal Cosmetics
  topic: keywords
subject: Acacia concinna
  topic: keywords
subject: Azadirachta indica
  topic: keywords
subject: Emblica officinalis
  topic: keywords
creator: Pandeti Shreya
creator: G Srinivasa Rao
creator: P Ramudu
creator: Guduru Rajeswari
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-07-13
publication date: 2026-07-13
starting page: 62
ending page: 65
doi: 10.30904/j.ijrpls.2026.5030

Development and Validation of a Laser Diffraction-Based Particle Size Characterization Method for Carbamazepine Oral Suspension USP (100 mg/5 mL)
type: item
description: Particle size distribution (PSD) is a critical quality attribute in pharmaceutical suspensions, as it directly influences physical stability, sedimentation behavior, redispersibility, dissolution rate, dose uniformity, and bioavailability. Carbamazepine Oral Suspension USP (100 mg/5 mL), a widely used anticonvulsant formulation, contains a poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredient whose therapeutic performance can be significantly affected by particle size characteristics. The present study was undertaken to develop and validate a reliable analytical method for determining the particle size distribution of Carbamazepine Oral Suspension USP (100 mg/5 mL) using laser diffraction technology. Particle size measurements were performed using a Malvern Mastersizer 3000 equipped with a Hydro 3000 (S) wet dispersion unit. Sample preparation and analytical conditions were optimized to ensure uniform dispersion and accurate particle size characterization. The developed method was validated in accordance with established analytical validation principles with respect to precision, intermediate precision, and robustness. Method precision was evaluated through six independent sample preparations, while intermediate precision was assessed by a second analyst on a different day. Robustness was examined by introducing deliberate variations in critical analytical parameters. The obtained results demonstrated acceptable variability, with percentage relative standard deviation (%RSD) values remaining within predefined acceptance criteria for d(0.1), d(0.5), and d(0.9) particle size measurements. The validation data confirmed that the developed method is precise, reproducible, and robust for the assessment of particle size distribution in Carbamazepine Oral Suspension USP (100 mg/5 mL). The method is suitable for routine quality control testing, formulation development, process monitoring, and stability studies. Consequently, the validated procedure provides a reliable analyt…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Carbamazepine Oral Suspension
  topic: keywords
subject: Particle Size Distribution (PSD)
  topic: keywords
subject: Laser Diffraction
  topic: keywords
subject: Method Validation
  topic: keywords
subject: Malvern Mastersizer 3000
  topic: keywords
creator: R. Karthikeyen
creator: P. Gopinath
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 50
ending page: 54
doi: 10.30904/j.ijrpls.2026.4981

Development and Evaluation of Controlled-Release Matrix Tablets of Quetiapine Fumarate Using Hydrophilic Polymers
type: item
description: The present study aimed to develop controlled-release matrix tablets of quetiapine fumarate using various hydrophilic polymers to prolong drug release and reduce dosing frequency. Matrix tablets containing quetiapine fumarate were prepared by direct compression using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC K15M and HPMC K100M) and guar gum as release-retarding polymers. Precompression parameters including angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, Carr’s index, and Hausner ratio were evaluated. The compressed tablets were assessed for hardness, friability, thickness, weight variation, drug content, and in vitro drug release. The powder blends exhibited satisfactory flow properties. All formulations complied with pharmacopeial requirements for post-compression parameters. Drug release studies were performed in 0.1N hydrochloric acid for 2 hours followed by phosphate buffer pH 6.8 for 6 hours. Among the formulations, F2 containing HPMC K15M exhibited sustained drug release of 97.3% over 8 hours and demonstrated desirable controlled-release characteristics. Formulations prepared with higher concentrations of HPMC K100M showed slower drug release, whereas guar gum formulations failed to provide the desired release profile. The study concludes that HPMC K15M is an effective polymer for developing controlled-release quetiapine fumarate tablets.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Quetiapine fumarate
  topic: keywords
subject: controlled-release tablets
  topic: keywords
subject: HPMC K15M
  topic: keywords
subject: HPMC K100M
  topic: keywords
subject: matrix tablets
  topic: keywords
creator: Nalikiri Himasree
creator: U. Supriya
creator: G. Srinivasa Rao
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 46
ending page: 49
doi: 10.30904/j.ijrpls.2026.4980

Comparative Evaluation of Erythropoietin therapy with and Without Iron Supplementation in Anemia Among CKD Patients on Hemodialysis
type: item
description: Anemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a significant clinical challenge resulting from impaired endogenous erythropoietin (EPO) production and reduced red blood cell survival, necessitating therapeutic intervention to improve patient outcomes and quality of life. This prospective observational study evaluated the comparative efficacy and clinical impact of erythropoietin therapy administered with and without iron supplementation (intravenous or oral) in 83 CKD patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis at Gandhi Hospital, Hyderabad, comprising 56 males (67.5%) and 27 females (32.5%), aged 20–80 years. Hypertension emerged as the predominant underlying etiology of CKD (68% of patients), followed by diabetes mellitus, with anemia prevalence increasing progressively with advancing age, reflecting the age-related decline in renal erythropoietin synthesis. Treatment pattern analysis revealed heterogeneous EPO utilization: some patients received regular erythropoietin therapy, others received irregular dosing, and 33 patients (39.8%) did not receive EPO due to socioeconomic constraints. Hemoglobin correction and clinical outcomes were substantially superior in patients receiving erythropoietin in combination with iron supplementation, particularly those receiving intravenous iron, compared to those on EPO monotherapy or irregular treatment regimens. Both oral and intravenous iron supplementation enhanced erythropoietin response; however, intravenous administration demonstrated superior efficacy in patients with advanced anemia or compromised gastrointestinal absorption. Adherence to regular erythropoietin therapy combined with appropriate iron supplementation significantly enhanced anemia management, slowed CKD disease progression, and improved patient-reported quality of life measures. Conversely, irregular treatment patterns or financial inability to access therapy were associated with persistent anemia, increased complications, and adverse clinical outcome…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Chronic kidney disease
  topic: keywords
subject: anemia
  topic: keywords
subject: erythropoietin therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: iron supplementation
  topic: keywords
subject: hemodialysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Preethi Sanugula
creator: Umarani V
creator: Swathi D
creator: Shravan Kumar K
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-05-18
publication date: 2026-05-18
starting page: 41
ending page: 45
doi: 10.30904/j.ijrpls.2026.4978

Comparative Study of Efficacy of Addition of Prokinetics to Proton Pump Inhibitors in Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
type: item
description: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) remains a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder characterized by acid reflux and associated symptoms that significantly impact quality of life. This prospective observational study evaluated the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of combination therapy comprising proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) with three different prokinetic agents in 86 GERD patients aged 20–80 years (mean age: 35.5 years) at Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Secunderabad, with male predominance (57%). Baseline symptom assessment using the Frequency Scale for the Symptoms of GERD (FSSG) identified belching as the most prevalent symptom (62 patients, 68.9%), followed by chest pain, regurgitation, and heartburn. Patients were stratified into three treatment groups: domperidone (51.2%), itopride (25.6%), or cinitapride (23.3%), all administered in combination with standard PPI therapy. Clinical evaluations were conducted at baseline, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks. The results demonstrated substantial symptom improvement across all three prokinetics when combined with PPIs, with marked variation in therapeutic efficacy. Cinitapride exhibited the superior efficacy profile, achieving 65% improvement in heartburn, 90% in regurgitation, 70% in belching, and 50% in chest pain. Itopride demonstrated moderate efficacy with 49.09% improvement in heartburn, 59.09% in regurgitation, and 45.45% in both belching and chest pain. Domperidone showed modest improvement rates of 59.09% in heartburn, 56.81% in regurgitation and belching, and 34.09% in chest pain. Overall, 65.1% of patients reported clinically significant improvement after 12 weeks of combination therapy, while 34.9% showed no meaningful change. The safety profiles of all three prokinetics were favorable, with minimal adverse effects reported. These findings establish the clinical value of combination therapy (PPI + prokinetic) in managing GERD, particularly in patients with persistent or refractory sympto…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
  topic: keywords
subject: proton pump inhibitors
  topic: keywords
subject: prokinetic agents
  topic: keywords
subject: domperidone
  topic: keywords
subject: itopride
  topic: keywords
creator: Rupa Sree Kakaraparthi
creator: Umarani V
creator: Swathi D
creator: Shravan Kumar K
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-05-18
publication date: 2026-05-18
starting page: 36
ending page: 40
doi: 10.30904/j.ijrpls.2026.4977

Study of Incidence of Malaria, Dengue and Chikungunya Fevers among Febrile Patients Visiting Tertiary Care Hospital
type: item
description: Vector-borne diseases including malaria, dengue, and chikungunya remain significant public health concerns in tropical and subtropical regions, necessitating comprehensive epidemiological studies to guide prevention and control strategies. This prospective observational study was conducted over six months among febrile patients attending the In-Patient Department of General Medicine at King George Hospital, Visakhapatnam. Following Institutional Ethics Committee approval and informed written consent, detailed clinical histories and examinations were performed on all enrolled patients, with data analysis conducted using SPSS software and appropriate statistical techniques. Among 100 patients studied, males predominated (52%) compared to females (48%), with malaria accounting for 72% of cases, dengue 24%, and chikungunya 4%, reflecting the higher prevalence of vector-borne diseases among males attributed to increased outdoor occupational activities and greater exposure to day-biting mosquitoes. The highest prevalence was observed in the 13–35 years age group, consistent with other Indian epidemiological studies, as active adults engage in more outdoor work, thereby increasing infection risk. Gender-specific analysis revealed notable differences: females were more affected by malaria (55.5%), males predominated in dengue infections (66.6%), while chikungunya affected both genders equally (50%). Seasonal trends demonstrated that infection rates commenced rising in August, peaked in September and October, and coincided with increased mosquito activity during monsoon and post-monsoon periods, particularly facilitating dengue vector transmission. Clinical complications varied by infection type: malaria presented with thrombocytopenia, jaundice, anemia, acute kidney injury, hepatitis, and pneumonia, while dengue manifested with thrombocytopenia, acute kidney injury, and jaundice. Co-infections of malaria with dengue and dengue with chikungunya were documented. Geographic an…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Vector-borne diseases
  topic: keywords
subject: malaria
  topic: keywords
subject: dengue
  topic: keywords
subject: chikungunya
  topic: keywords
subject: epidemiology
  topic: keywords
creator: Ashwini Golla
creator: Swathi D
creator: Umarani V
creator: Shravan Kumar K
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-05-18
publication date: 2026-05-18
starting page: 32
ending page: 35
doi: 10.30904/j.ijrpls.2026.4976

Transforming Patient Care through Clinical Pharmacy: Integration of AI, Pharmacogenomics, and Evidence-Based Practice
type: item
description: Clinical pharmacy has transformed into a patient centred and evidence-based discipline that emphasizes the optimization of pharmacotherapy and the improvement of healthcare outcomes. The integration of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, pharmacogenomics, and digital health platforms has further strengthened clinical decision-making and patient monitoring. Patient care analysis plays a central role in clinical pharmacy by enabling systematic evaluation of therapeutic regimens, identification of drug-related problems, and development of individualized treatment strategies. This article presents a comprehensive and updated theoretical overview of clinical pharmacy practice, including its conceptual foundations, evolving roles, structured approaches to patient care analysis, and the influence of modern technological advancements. Additionally, the impact, challenges, and future directions of clinical pharmacy services are critically discussed.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Clinical Pharmacy
  topic: keywords
subject: Patient Care Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Medication Therapy Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Pharmacogenomics
  topic: keywords
subject: Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
  topic: keywords
creator: Dharshini P
creator: Abdul Basith J
creator: Balagopal J
creator: Brindha Shree V
creator: Jai Surya I
creator: Ravisankar Mathesan
creator: Nataraj Palaniyappan
creator: Eswari Nataraj
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-05-18
publication date: 2026-05-18
starting page: 27
ending page: 31
doi: 10.30904/j.ijrpls.2026.4971

Hypocalcaemia as a Consequence of Blood Transfusion in the Patients with Liver Impairment and General Approaches for the Management
type: item
description: Background: Hypocalcaemia is a potentially life-threatening complication of blood transfusion, especially in patients with liver dysfunction. Citrate in stored blood products chelates ionized calcium (Ca²⁺). In liver-impaired patients, reduced citrate metabolism leads to citrate accumulation and prolonged hypocalcaemia, which may impair cardiac, neuromuscular, and coagulation functions. Methodology: A retrospective observational study was conducted on 150 adult patients with liver impairment who underwent blood transfusion (whole blood, PRBCs, FFP, and platelets). Serum calcium levels were measured at baseline and up to 48 hours post-transfusion. Patient demographics, transfusion details, onset of hypocalcaemia, clinical manifestations, and calcium supplementation were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed to determine correlations and predictors of hypocalcaemia. Results: Among 150 patients, 52.6% developed moderate hypocalcaemia, 32% mild, and 15.3% severe hypocalcaemia. The onset most occurred commonly 6–24 hours after transfusion. A significant inverse correlation was observed between transfusion units and serum calcium levels (r = –0.496, p < 0.001). Whole blood and PRBCs were most associated with calcium depletion. Symptoms ranged from muscle cramps to arrhythmias. Intravenous calcium chloride was commonly used, with 37.3% of patients achieving normocalcaemia within 24–48 hours. Conclusion: Transfusion-associated hypocalcaemia is common and clinically significant in patients with liver impairment, especially with multiple citrate-rich transfusions. Reduced hepatic citrate metabolism increases the risk of prolonged calcium chelation and related complications. Routine ionized calcium monitoring and early intravenous calcium supplementation are essential to improve patient outcomes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Hypocalcaemia
  topic: keywords
subject: Blood transfusion
  topic: keywords
subject: Liver impairment
  topic: keywords
subject: Citrate toxicity
  topic: keywords
subject: Ionized calcium
  topic: keywords
creator: Pavani Kaki
creator: Naga Bharathi S
creator: Naga Mounika Yeturu
creator: Sivaram Bonala
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-04-25
publication date: 2026-04-25
starting page: 17
ending page: 21
doi: 10.30904/10.30904/j.ijrpls.2026.4969

A New Validated Reverse Phase Liquid Chromatography Method for the Simultaneous Estimation of Sulfadoxine and Pyrimethamine in Combined Tablet Dosage Form
type: item
description: A reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was successfully developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of Sulfadoxine and Pyrimethamine in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The method optimization involved systematic trials with varying chromatographic conditions, including column selection, mobile phase composition, pH, flow rate, and detection wavelength. The final method employed a Platisil C18-ODS column (250×4.6 mm, 5 µm) with a mobile phase of 50% 0.1% formic acid (pH 4.5) and 50% methanol, at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, and UV detection at 230 nm. System suitability parameters such as retention time, theoretical plates, and tailing factor were within acceptable limits, confirming the method’s efficiency and reliability. Validation was performed according to ICH Q2(R1) guidelines, demonstrating excellent analytical performance. Assay results showed drug content of 99.1% for Sulfadoxine and 98.6% for Pyrimethamine. Linearity was observed over wide concentration ranges with correlation coefficients of 0.9997 and 0.9996, respectively. Precision and intermediate precision studies yielded %RSD values below 2%, indicating high repeatability and ruggedness. Recovery studies confirmed accuracy within the 98–102% range, while LOD and LOQ values (0.02 µg/ml for Sulfadoxine and 0.05 µg/ml for Pyrimethamine) highlighted the method’s sensitivity. Robustness testing under slight variations in flow rate and mobile phase composition showed consistent results, affirming the method’s suitability for routine quality control of combined dosage formulations.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: RP-HPLC
  topic: keywords
subject: Sulfadoxine
  topic: keywords
subject: Pyrimethamine
  topic: keywords
subject: ICH Q2(R1)
  topic: keywords
subject: system suitability
  topic: keywords
subject: robustness
  topic: keywords
creator: Bhoomika Jonnalagadda
creator: Hari Chandana N
creator: Suchithra M
creator: Prapurna Chandra Y
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-04-26
publication date: 2026-04-26
starting page: 22
ending page: 26
doi: 10.30904/10.30904/j.ijrpls.2026.4970

A Study on Evaluation of Therapeutic Strategies for Management of Myocardial Infarction Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital
type: item
description: Introduction: Myocardial infarction colloquially known as “heart attack,” is caused by decreased or complete cessation of blood flow to a portion of the myocardium. Methods: The prospective observational study was carried out for a period of 6 months. The study was conducted in cardiology department in a tertiary care hospital. A written and informed consent was obtained from the recruited patients. A Total of 95 patients were enrolled in the study. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic strategies for management of Myocardial infarction patients in a tertiary care hospital. Results and Discussion: In our study 41-50 years age patients were more 35(36.84%) compared to other ages. In our study male patients were more 57(60%), compared to female patients were 38 (40 %). Coronary arteries involvement includes LCX patients were more 41 (43.15%) compared to LMCA patients were 25 (26.31%), RCA patients were 29 (30.52%). Drug prescribing pattern for Myocardial infarction management includes Beta blockers prescribed patients were more 22 (23.15%), compared to other drugs. Number of drugs prescribed by Generic name was 118, Number of drugs prescribed by Brand name was 642, Drugs included in National list of essential medicines was 95. Conclusion: The study highlights the promotion of rational use of drugs by continuous encouraging generic prescriptions. The periodic verification of prescription pattern studies would be encouraged to ensure rational drug use in the medical practice.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Myocardial infarction
  topic: keywords
subject: Therapeutic strategies
  topic: keywords
subject: Prescription pattern
  topic: keywords
subject: Rational drug use
  topic: keywords
subject: Medical Practice
  topic: keywords
creator: Sirisha B
creator: Vyshnavi Katta
creator: Meghana Pothuraju
creator: Uday Kumar Obili
creator: Mohammed Sadiq Sk
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-04-24
publication date: 2026-04-24
starting page: 11
ending page: 16
doi: 10.30904/j.ijrpls.2026.4964

A Study on Evaluation of Renal Drug Dosing Practices, Stages, Treatment Profile and Outcomes in Kidney Disease Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital
type: item
description: Introduction: Kidney damage refers to pathologic abnormalities suggested by imaging studies or renal biopsy, abnormalities in urinary sediment, or increased urinary albumin excretion rates. The true incidence and prevalence of CKD are challenging to determine due to the asymptomatic nature of early to moderate stages. Methodology: The prospective observational study was carried out for a period of 6 months. The study was conducted in Nephrology department in a tertiary care hospital. A written and informed consent was obtained from the recruited patients. A Total of 200 patients were enrolled in the study. Aim: The study aimed to assess the renal dosing practices, stages, treatment profile and outcomes in kidney disease patients in a tertiary care hospital. Results & Discussion: In our study 36-45 years age patients were 59(29.5%) as compared to other ages. Stages of renal failure includes 5 stage patients were more 66(33%) as compared to other renal failure stages. Clinical manifestations of renal failure Patients Dysuria patients were more 63 (31.5%), as compared to other clinical symptoms. Drug prescribing pattern for renal failure management includes ACE inhibitors prescribed drugs patients were more 56 (28%) as compared to ARB prescribed drugs patients were 52 (26%), Calcitriol prescribed drugs patients were 33 (16.5%), Vitamin D prescribed drugs patients were 25 (12.5%), Atorvastatin prescribed drugs patients were 34 (17%). Conclusion: To combat the rising burden of CKD, comprehensive strategies must be implemented, including early detection, management of underlying conditions, lifestyle modifications, and public health interventions to address environmental and genetic factors at the clinical level.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Kidney damage
  topic: keywords
subject: Pathologic abnormalities
  topic: keywords
subject: Dysuria
  topic: keywords
subject: ACE inhibitors
  topic: keywords
subject: Lifestyle modifications
  topic: keywords
subject: Management
  topic: keywords
creator: Gnana Prasuna G
creator: Harsha Vardhan Reddy Putta
creator: Susowmya Sandipudi
creator: Reddy Sravani Karnati
creator: Gangothri Mooragani
creator: Dharshini Priya S
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-04-24
publication date: 2026-04-24
starting page: 5
ending page: 10
doi: 10.30904/j.ijrpls.2026.4963

A prospective study on comorbidities associated with Asthma and its Therapeutic outcomes
type: item
description: Introduction: It is characterized by inflammation of the airways, causing intermittent airflow obstruction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Aim: The study aimed to assess risk burden of asthma associated comorbidities and its therapeutic outcomes in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: The prospective observational study was carried out for a period of 6 months. The study was conducted in General medicine department in a tertiary care hospital. A written and informed consent was obtained from the recruited patients. A Total of 200 patients were enrolled in the study. Results and Discussion: In our study 36-45 years age patients were more 67(33.5%) compared to other ages. In our study Male patients were more 142 (71%), compared to Female patients were 58 (29%). Risk factors profile for Asthma includes Viral infections patients were more 54 (27%) compared to other categories. Family history of Asthma includes positive patients were more 178(89%), compared to Negative patients were 22(11%). Severity of Asthma includes Mild Persistent patients were more 65(32.5%) compared to other categories. Co morbidities associated with Asthma includes Epilepsy patients were more 55 (27.5%) compared to other categories. The Treatment for Asthma includes corticosteroids prescribed patients were 54(27%) compared to other drugs. Conclusion: The study concludes that Health care professionals need to update with the current treatment guidelines. Prescribing of generic drugs should be promoted which would lower the economic burden and improve the patient compliance.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Asthma
  topic: keywords
subject: Hyperresponsiveness
  topic: keywords
subject: Corticosteroids
  topic: keywords
subject: Generic drugs
  topic: keywords
subject: Treatment guidelines
  topic: keywords
creator: Muni Sekhar Vonteru
creator: Dinesh Akkaladevi
creator: Yamini Durga Bai Jatavatu
creator: Praveen Kumar Naik Mood
creator: Ayesha Sidiq Shaik
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-04-24
publication date: 2026-04-24
starting page: 01
ending page: 04
doi: 10.30904/j.ijrpls.2026.4962

Quality by Design Approach in HPLC Method Development and Validation of Iptacopn Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
type: item
description: A simple, precise, and robust reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the estimation of Iptacopan in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms in accordance with ICH Q2(R1) guidelines. Chromatographic separation was achieved using an Inspire C18 column (150×4.6 mm, 5 µm) with a mobile phase comprising acetonitrile and trifluoroacetic acid (35:65 v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and detection was carried out at 230 nm. The method demonstrated excellent system suitability, with a USP plate count of 4932.41 and a tailing factor of 1.22. Linearity was observed in the concentration range of 10–50µg/mL with a correlation coefficient (R²) of 0.999. Precision studies showed %RSD values of 0.7% for repeatability and 0.5% for intermediate precision, indicating high reproducibility. Accuracy, evaluated through recovery studies, yielded a mean recovery of 98.10%, within the acceptable range of 98–102%. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were found to be 0.57 µg/mL and 1.98 µg/mL, respectively. Robustness studies confirmed that small deliberate changes in flow rate and mobile phase composition did not significantly affect method performance. The validated method meets all ICH criteria and is suitable for routine quality control analysis of Iptacopan in bulk and dosage forms, offering high sensitivity, reproducibility, and cost-effectiveness.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Iptacopan
  topic: keywords
subject: RP-HPLC method development
  topic: keywords
subject: Method validation
  topic: keywords
subject: ICH Q2(R1)
  topic: keywords
subject: Trifluoroacetic acid
  topic: keywords
subject: mobile phase
  topic: keywords
subject: Linearity
  topic: keywords
subject: Precision
  topic: keywords
subject: Accuracy
  topic: keywords
subject: Sensitivity
  topic: keywords
subject: Limit of detection (LOD)
  topic: keywords
subject: Limit of quantification (LOQ)
  topic: keywords
subject: Robustness
  topic: keywords
subject: System suitability
  topic: keywords
subject: Quality control analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Pharmaceutical dosage forms
  topic: keywords
creator: Shivani Maadavedi
creator: Aravinda Reddy P
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-10-29
publication date: 2025-10-29
starting page: 78
ending page: 85
doi: 10.30904/j.ijrpls.2025.4897

Formulation and Evaluation of Sustained Release Matrix Tablet of Fosinopril
type: item
description: The study successfully developed sustained release tablets of Fosinopril using a validated UV spectrophotometric method for accurate drug quantification. The method showed a strong linear relationship within the tested concentration range, ensuring precise measurement. Solid dispersions with HP-β-cyclodextrin significantly enhanced the drug’s solubility and dissolution, with the kneaded complex achieving over 90% release within an hour. Pre-compression characterization indicated good flow and compressibility of tablet blends, essential for efficient manufacturing. Post-compression evaluations confirmed tablets had uniform weight, appropriate hardness, low friability, and consistent drug content, meeting pharmacopeial standards. In vitro studies highlighted a controlled and sustained drug release over 12 hours, governed by diffusion and erosion mechanisms. Overall, the formulations offer improved dissolution profiles and controlled delivery of Fosinopril, potentially enhancing therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Fosinopril
  topic: keywords
subject: sustained release tablets
  topic: keywords
subject: UV spectrophotometry
  topic: keywords
subject: HP-β-cyclodextrin
  topic: keywords
subject: dissolution enhancement
  topic: keywords
subject: drug release kinetics
  topic: keywords
creator: Naresh V
creator: Rajkumar Devara
creator: Aravinda Reddy P
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-10-27
publication date: 2025-10-27
starting page: 73
ending page: 77
doi: 10.30904/j.ijrpls.2025.4884

The Current Insights on Diagnostic Profile, Clinical Manifestations and Evidence Based Treatment for Prevention of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
type: item
description: Systemic lupus erythematosus is a systemic autoimmune disease with multisystem involvement and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Genetic, immunological, endocrine, and environmental factors influence the loss of immunological tolerance against self-antigens leading to the formation of pathogenic autoantibodies that cause tissue damage through multiple mechanisms. The incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus varies globally, with a worldwide average of about 5.14 cases per 100,000 person-years, but regional and ethnic differences exist. Incidence is higher in women than men, and certain populations, such as African Americans, have a higher incidence compared to Caucasians. Diagnosis of SLE can be challenging, and while several classification criteria have been posed, their utility in the clinical setting is still a matter of debate. The SLE cannot be prevented, individuals can manage triggers and reduce flare-ups by protecting their skin from the sun, eating a healthy diet, managing stress, getting regular exercise, and avoiding smoking. Regular health checkups with a clinician is also crucial for monitoring health and addressing concerns that could contribute to flares. Management of SLE is dictated by organ system involvement. Systemic lupus erythematosus treatment involves a combination of medications to manage symptoms and reduce flares, tailored to the individual's specific needs. Common treatments include anti-inflammatory drugs for mild symptoms, antimalarial drugs like hydroxychloroquine for immune modulation, and corticosteroids for reducing inflammation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Systemic lupus erythematosus
  topic: keywords
subject: autoantibodies
  topic: keywords
subject: hydroxychloroquin
  topic: keywords
subject: self-antigens
  topic: keywords
subject: health checkups
  topic: keywords
creator: Gautham Chakra R
creator: Rajeswari G
creator: Nikhila Kota
creator: Lakshmi Sruthi Joga
creator: Aruna Racharla
creator: Saavarnika Sarikonda
creator: Kedeswari Yarraballi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-10-25
publication date: 2025-10-25
starting page: 65
ending page: 72
doi: 10.30904/j.ijrpls.2025.4872

Retrospective Study of Complications Risk factors and Management of Pancreatitis
type: item
description: Liver disease seems to be a serious and potentially soul inflammatory condition. Characterized even by inflammatory conditions of liver. This introduces in the both acute but instead chronic. Forms, of different degrees like magnitude. One such intangible intends to stipulate its problems, risk Factors, as well as management techniques related to liver disease. Complications: liver disease could cause various problems, varies from minor versus serious. Some frequent causes are including pseudocysts, biliary necrotic lesions, disease, organ Failure, and also in serious case. Risk factors: several risk variables support the development after all foyer design with glossy. These Include leader in the automotive, consumption of alcohol, genetic tendency, sure meds, high Triglyceride levels, retroperitoneal injury, pathogens, as well as certain medical conditions acetaminophen, doxycycline coordinating and assessing the above risk variables were also essential in both the prevention like liver disease. Management: along cases of acute, treatment is focused to either treating pain, hydration, and Nutritional support. Identifying and resolving its underlying factor, like gallstone. Removal but rather booze stoppage, is crucial. Extreme situations might well necessitate hospital treatment, intensive Care, but also and or surgical initiatives. Severe liver disease mangers almost always involves pain leadership, essential cofactor therapeutic, nutrition adaptation, as well as lifestyle modifications. In certain instances, procedure could be deemed of between relieve suffering and cure issues.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: pancreatitis tissue damage
  topic: keywords
subject: organ damage
  topic: keywords
subject: genetic disposition
  topic: keywords
subject: bile stone blocks
  topic: keywords
subject: high Triglyceride levels
  topic: keywords
creator: Sivani B
creator: Meharunnisa SK
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2024-07-15
publication date: 2024-07-15
starting page: 16
ending page: 19
doi: 10.30904/j.ijrpls.2024.4686

Solubility Enhancement and Formulation of Lovastatin Self Emulsifying Drug Delivery System
type: item
description: Self emulsifying formulations spread readily in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and the digestive motility of the stomach and the intestine provide the agitation necessary for self emulsification. These systems advantageously present the drug in dissolved form and the small droplet size provides a large interfacial area for the drug absorption. Hence in the present research a novel dosage form of liquid SMEDDS of Lovastatin was formulated and developed to enhance their solubility and dissolution, which may enhance the oral absorption and therapeutic performance of drug. From pseudo ternary PD, highest microemulsion zone found was at Smix ratio (4:1). From pseudo ternary diagram, quantitative selection of vehicles was done and liquid SMEDDS formulations of lovastatin were prepared (L1 to L5) by varying concentration of oil and Smix. The SMEDDS L2 showed high negative zetapotential near to range, homogenous globule distribution (from PDI), smaller droplets, high %T and % drug content.L2 showed drug release of 99 % whereas pure drug showed 30.5 % at 30 min in pH 1.2. L2 showed drug release of 99 % whereas pure drug showed 54.9 % at 30 min in pH 7.0 buffer with SLS, L2 showed drug release of 98.9 % whereas pure drug showed 33.92% at 30 min in pH 7.0 buffer without SLS, which indicate drastic improvement in drug release from liquid SMEDDS L2 in comparison to pure drug.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Lovastatin
  topic: keywords
subject: SEDDS
  topic: keywords
subject: Solubility
  topic: keywords
subject: Cremophore
  topic: keywords
subject: Ternary diagram
  topic: keywords
creator: Sai Roopa Yernagu
creator: Venkata Ramana B
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2024-06-17
publication date: 2024-06-17
starting page: 09
ending page: 15
doi: 10.30904/j.ijrpls.2024.4685

Formulation and evaluation of enteric coated tablets of Pantoprazole
type: item
description: Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor, belongs to group of benzimidazole, Pantoprazole sodium were prepared by direct compression method using different concentration of, microcrystalline cellulose as filler, mannitol and dicalcium phosphate as diluents, crosscarmellose sodium as disintegrating agents, magnesium stearate and talc was used as a glidant and lubricant respectively. Direct compression is economic compare to wet granulation since it requires fewer unit operations. This means less equipment, lower power consumption, less space, less time and less labour leading to reduced production cost of tablets. The prepared tablets were evaluated for hardness, weight variation, friability and drug content uniformity and it was found that the results comply with official standards. The prepared tablets were coated using enteric coating polymer such as cellulose acetate phthalate, Eudragit L100 and by dip coating method. The in vitro release was studied using acidic buffer pH 1.2 and phosphate buffer pH 6.8. Prepared all batch’s C2F9 was found best, with hardness 5.60 ± 0.24 (Kg/cm2), drug content 99.08 ± 0.35(%), disintegration time 7.02± 0.21(min), and percentage cumulative drug released which started after 120 min and reached 99.72 after 180 min. Stability studies indicated that the developed tablets were stable and retained their pharmaceutical properties at room temperature and 40 °C / 75% RH for a period of 3 month.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Pantoprazole
  topic: keywords
subject: Direct compression
  topic: keywords
subject: Proton pump inhibitor
  topic: keywords
subject: Cellulose acetate phthalate
  topic: keywords
subject: Eudragit L100
  topic: keywords
creator: Vandana Marthala
creator: Ranganayakulu B
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2024-05-03
publication date: 2024-05-03
starting page: 01
ending page: 08
doi: 10.30904/10.30904/j.ijrpls.2024.4656

To Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Fixed-Dose Combination of Teneligliptin and Pioglitazone (Tiban P) in Iraqi Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
type: item
description: Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of combination of teneligliptin and pioglitazone on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in real-world settings in Iraq. Methods: This was a 3-month, prospective - post-marketing surveillance study to observe the efficacy and safety of dual-drug fixed-dose combination (FDC) of teneligliptin 20 mg and pioglitazone 15 mg (treatment 1 – Tiban P) and teneligliptin 20 mg and pioglitazone 30 mg (treatment 2 – Tiban P) in patients with T2DM in real-world settings in Iraq. Inclusion criteria for patients were –age ≥18 years, diagnosed with T2DM with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥ 6.5%, agreed to provide informed consent, and had been prescribed FDC of teneligliptin 20 mg and pioglitazone 15 mg or teneligliptin 20 mg and pioglitazone 30 mg once daily for the management of T2DM. The study exclusion criteria were –patients with type 1 diabetes, severe diabetic complications, severe liver dysfunction, hypersensitivity to any ingredient of the study medications, and those who were pregnant, lactating, or considered ineligible based on the doctor's opinion. Results: A statistically significant reduction (p<0.0001) was observed in HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, and postprandial blood glucose in patients with diabetes being treated with FDC of pioglitazone + teneligliptin. Twelve adverse events (AEs) were noted in 12 patients during the study. No serious AEs or hypoglycemia events were reported in this study. Conclusion: Teneligliptin and pioglitazone combination is effective and safe in managing T2DM in adult Iraqi patients.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Diabetes
  topic: keywords
subject: Fasting blood glucose
  topic: keywords
subject: Glycated hemoglobin
  topic: keywords
subject: Pioglitazone
  topic: keywords
subject: Teneligliptin
  topic: keywords
creator: Kumar Shalini
creator: Musharraf F
creator: Jabbar M
creator: Hussen T
creator: Ubed U
creator: Jardaq N
creator: Alnuaymie T
creator: Karam A
creator: Saisayaq B
creator: Halabja J
creator: Chawsh BA
creator: Shar BP
creator: Rzgar D
creator: Koprlu AH
creator: Basheer A
creator: Ahmed B
creator: Nouraldeen Ali S
creator: Haider B
creator: Karim W
creator: Salahadeen S
creator: Harishankar Sahu
creator: Shelar N
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2024-08-07
publication date: 2024-08-07
starting page: 31
ending page: 37
doi: 10.30904/j.ijrpls.2024.4722

Design and Performance Evaluation of Unidirectional Buccal Patches Loaded with Carbamazepine: A Comprehensive Formulation Study
type: item
description: Carbamazepine (CBZ) is used for epilepsy but has also been reported to have effect in treating bipolar disorder. The absorption is 75% because of first pass hepatic metabolism, Its half-life is 10-20hrs and it is a BCS – class II drug. Thus formulating an immediate release CBZ fast dissolving buccal films formulation for the speedy release of the drug was planned. FTIR analysis was done to know the compatibility of the drug with the excipients which are used in formulation of the drug. Preparation of fast dissolving buccal films by selecting various concentration of Sodium Saccharin Gel (SSG), croscarmellose and crospovidone. Coating solvent method was employed for the preparation of films. Various characteristics such as weight, thickness, surface pH, tensile strength, diffusion studies and its release kinetics were determined for the prepared film formulations. It was observed that all the films were within surface approximate, close to the neutral pH level and all of them were found to have content uniformity. The result shown here also clearly depict that the F4 formulation has higher release profile as compared to other all formulations. From the above data, it was perceived that increase in concentration of crospovidone will enhance the release profile of the formulation. It was seen that release kinetics depends on higuchi equation. Due to good tensile strength and the ability to get more than % drug release, more concentration crospovidone used film formulations was selected for the study.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Carbamazepine
  topic: keywords
subject: fast dissolving Buccal films
  topic: keywords
subject: % Cumulative drug release
  topic: keywords
subject: Epilepsy
  topic: keywords
creator: Jithendra Kumar K
creator: Jhansipriya M.V
creator: Naidu Narapusetty
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2024-08-07
publication date: 2024-08-07
starting page: 26
ending page: 30
doi: 10.30904/j.ijrpls.2024.4721

Pharmacological and Toxicological Studies of Cyclosporine for Anti-Rheumatoid Activity
type: item
description: Cyclosporine A (CsA) is an immunosuppressant that has been widely used as a gold standard treatment for various conditions. Beyond its primary role in immunosuppression, CsA has shown promise in treating a broad spectrum of diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and dry eye syndrome. However, its use is limited by challenges such as high molecular weight, low solubility, and a narrow therapeutic index. To address these constraints, several novel formulations have been developed, including microemulsions, self-emulsifying systems, nanoparticles, and microspheres, which aim to improve drug delivery efficiency via different routes (oral, ocular, and topical). Additionally, techniques like iontophoresis and ultrasound-mediated delivery have been explored to enhance CsA permeability in topical applications. While recent advances in cyclosporine delivery hold promise, further research is needed to develop safe, efficacious, and stable formulations. CsA remains a valuable option for treating inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis, but ongoing studies are essential to optimize its clinical translation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cyclosporine A
  topic: keywords
subject: immunosuppressant
  topic: keywords
subject: rheumatoid arthritis
  topic: keywords
subject: microemulsions
  topic: keywords
creator: Sana Farheen
creator: Priyanka K
creator: Chariitha Rangam
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2024-08-04
publication date: 2024-08-04
starting page: 20
ending page: 25
doi: 10.30904/j.ijrpls.2024.4715

Polymer Based Nanocarriers: A Promising Platform for Targeted Drug Delivery
type: item
description: Polymer-based nanocarriers have revolutionized modern drug delivery by offering precise control over therapeutic release, enhanced bioavailability, and reduced off-target effects. Owing to their tunable physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and structural versatility, these nanocarriers provide an adaptable platform for the delivery of a wide range of drugs, including small molecules, peptides, and nucleic acids. Various polymeric systems such as micelles, dendrimers, nanogels, and polymeric nanoparticles have been designed to respond to specific biological or environmental stimuli, including pH, temperature, redox potential, and enzymatic activity, thereby ensuring site-specific and controlled drug release. Both natural (e.g., chitosan, alginate, gelatin) and synthetic (e.g., PEG, PLGA, polylactic acid) polymers have been explored to fabricate nanocarriers with desirable mechanical strength, degradation profiles, and surface functionality. However, despite these advances, challenges related to large-scale synthesis, reproducibility, stability, and long-term safety remain key hurdles for clinical translation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Polymer-based nanocarrier
  topic: keywords
subject: drug delivery system
  topic: keywords
subject: polymeric nano particles
  topic: keywords
subject: targeted delivery
  topic: keywords
subject: micelles
  topic: keywords
subject: dendrimers
  topic: keywords
creator: Sai Manu Katta
creator: Revathi Sarvepalli
creator: Divya Battala
creator: Varalakshmi Kunda
creator: Charunya K
creator: Vardhan Ediga
creator: Ramesh Yerikala
creator: Venugopalaiah Penabaka
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-10-20
publication date: 2025-10-20
starting page: 58
ending page: 64
doi: 10.30904/10.30904/j.ijrpls.2025.4857

A Review on Prepraration and Evaluation of Herbal Shampoo and Its Applications
type: item
description: The Herbal shampoo is a cosmetic preparation that uses herbs from plants and it is meant for washing hair and scalp just like a regular shampoo. It serves as an alternative to commercially available synthetic shampoo. Hair is an integral part of human beauty. In humans, it serves as lot of purposes like protection against external factors, sebum, apocrine sweat and pheromonas productions and thermoregulations. Hair care products are used for many purposes like cleaning, modifies hair texture, provides nourishment to hair and give a healthy look to hair. A shampoo is basically a solution of a detergent containing suitable additives for other benefits such as hair-conditioning enhancement, lubrication, medication etc. Now-a-days many synthetic, herbal, medicated and non-medicated shampoos are available in the market but popularity of herbal shampoo among consumers is on rise because of their belief that these products being of natural origin are safe and free from side effects. Herbal shampoos are the cosmetic preparations that with the use of traditional ayurvedic herbs are meant for cleansing the hair and scalp just like the regular shampoo. They are used for removal of oils, dandruff, dirt, environmental pollutions etc. It is used to cleansing of the hair also conditioning, smoothing, of the hair surface, good health of hair, hair free of dandruff, dirt grease and lice above all, its safety benefits are expected. There is a few efforts are needed in manufacturing, their advantages in safety, eco-friendliness, and holistic hair care make them a preferred choice for consumers.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Herbal shampoo
  topic: keywords
subject: Non medicated shampoos
  topic: keywords
subject: Ayurvedic herbs
  topic: keywords
subject: Synthetic shampoo
  topic: keywords
subject: Herbal cosmetics
  topic: keywords
creator: Kavya T
creator: Nandhu G
creator: Yamini G
creator: Pranay K
creator: Jahnavi K
creator: Mamatha K
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-09-16
publication date: 2025-09-16
starting page: 53
ending page: 57
doi: 10.30904/j.ijrpls.2025.4852

Prospective Study on Pattern of Adverse Drug Reactions to Anti-Cancer Drugs at a Tertiary Care Hospital
type: item
description: Cancer is a very complicated sequence of disease conditions progressing gradually with a generalized loss of growth control. There were only a few options of cancer treatment for patients for many decades which include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy as single treatments or in combination. The present study aimed to assess pattern of adverse drug reactions to anti-cancer drugs at a tertiary care hospital. The prospective observational study was carried out for a period of 6 months. The study was conducted in Pediatrics department in a tertiary care hospital. Mouth organs affected cancer patients were more 24(32 %) as compared to Brain organs affected patients were 14 (18.66%). In our study Surgery treatment patients were more 34 (45.33%) as compared to other chemo therapy patients. Prescribed drugs during the cancer treatment includes Pemitrexate prescribed drugs patients were more 18(24%) as compared to other prescribed drugs 126-133. The anti-cancer drugs ADR includes Nausea and vomiting patients were more 34 (45.33%), compared to Alopecia patients were 25 (33.33%), Numbness and Constipation patients were 16 (21.33%). Epidemiological information on cancer including the pattern and socio-demographic factors is fundamental in determining the priorities for cancer control in the given population group. The cancer registries in India take into account only a representative sample of the whole country. This study shows that there is marked difference in the cancer pattern of our hospital in comparison with the national statistics. Hence factors leading to such high incidence should be analyzed and steps towards prevention of this type of cancer should be taken to reduce the morbidity and mortality of cancer. Further, more such research can be conducted all over the country to find the cancer pattern of different areas and thus pave the way for effective preventive measures.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: Epidemiological information
  topic: keywords
subject: national statistics
  topic: keywords
subject: cancer treatment
  topic: keywords
creator: Gnana Prasuna G
creator: Venkata Lava Kumar Reddy Kuraku
creator: Sivamani Dola
creator: Uday Kumar B.T
creator: Gowri Shankar V
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-08-24
publication date: 2025-08-24
starting page: 46
ending page: 52
doi: 10.30904/j.ijrpls.2025.4849

Formulation and Evaluation of gastro retentive Tablet of verapamil
type: item
description: This study developed and evaluated mouth disintegrating tablets (MDTs) of Empagliflozin to enhance patient compliance and rapid drug onset. Using UV spectrophotometry (λmax 225nm in 0.1NHCl), MDTs were prepared via direct compression with superdisintegrants SSG, Crospovidone, and Croscarmellose sodium. All formulations met pharmacopeial standards. Batch F-6 with Crospovidone showed the best performance, releasing 99% of the drug within 30 minutes. The findings confirm the effectiveness of a minimal-excipient, direct compression method for efficient Empagliflozin delivery.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Empagliflozin
  topic: keywords
subject: Mouth Disintegrating Tablets
  topic: keywords
subject: Superdisintegrants
  topic: keywords
subject: In Vitro Drug Release
  topic: keywords
subject: Patient Compliance
  topic: keywords
subject: UV Spectrophotometry
  topic: keywords
creator: Shilpa U
creator: Suresh Ch
creator: Sai Prasanna G
creator: Javeria Khaleel
creator: Rani N
creator: Kaveri R
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-06-27
publication date: 2025-06-27
starting page: 38
ending page: 45
doi: 10.30904/j.ijrpls.2025.4841

Formulation and Assessment of Rapidly Disintegrating Tablets of Empagliflozin by Enhancing Dissolution Rate and Bioavailability
type: item
description: This study developed and evaluated mouth disintegrating tablets (MDTs) of Empagliflozin to enhance patient compliance and rapid drug onset. Using UV spectrophotometry (λmax 225nm in 0.1NHCl), MDTs were prepared via direct compression with superdisintegrants SSG, Crospovidone, and Croscarmellose sodium. All formulations met pharmacopeial standards. Batch F-6 with Crospovidone showed the best performance, releasing 99% of the drug within 30 minutes. The findings confirm the effectiveness of a minimal-excipient, direct compression method for efficient Empagliflozin delivery.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Empagliflozin
  topic: keywords
subject: Mouth Disintegrating Tablets
  topic: keywords
subject: Superdisintegrants
  topic: keywords
subject: In Vitro Drug Release
  topic: keywords
subject: Patient Compliance
  topic: keywords
subject: UV Spectrophotometry
  topic: keywords
creator: Sai Tharun T P
creator: Anjaneyulu Dr. V
creator: Vijay Kumar Gampa
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-06-07
publication date: 2025-06-07
starting page: 31
ending page: 37
doi: 10.30904/j.ijrpls.2025.4820

Preparation and Characterization of Labetalol Nanoparticles by Precipitation Techniques
type: item
description: The present study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of controlled-release nanoparticles of Labetalol Hydrochloride to enhance its oral bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. Nanoparticles were successfully prepared using precipitation techniques incorporating biocompatible polymers such as Gelatin, Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), and Eudragit S100. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy confirmed the absence of chemical interactions between drug and polymers, ensuring compatibility. The prepared nanoparticles displayed a smooth, spherical morphology with size ranging from 122.01 ± 4 nm to 642.30 ± 3 nm and were characterized by high yield and uniform encapsulation.Zeta potential analysis indicated good colloidal stability of the nanoparticles, with the most stable formulation exhibiting a zeta potential of 20.1 ± 1.4 mV. Encapsulation efficiency varied between 32.0 ± 0.4% to 84.5 ± 0.6%, correlating directly with increased polymer concentrations. In vitro release studies demonstrated a sustained drug release profile, with reduced burst effect and prolonged duration attributed to polymer entrapment. The drug release followed a Super case–II transport mechanism, suggesting erosion-controlled kinetics. Among all formulations, LN1 showed the most favorable release profile with 86.01% of drug released over 12 hours. The controlled release behavior observed in this formulation suggests its potential utility in maintaining steady plasma levels and minimizing dosing frequency. These findings indicate the promise of the nanoparticulate system for enhancing the delivery of poorly water-soluble antihypertensive agents like Labetalol. In conclusion, nanoprecipitation proved to be an effective technique for developing polymeric nanoparticles of Labetalol with favorable physicochemical and release characteristics. The results suggest a significant improvement in the bioavailability of Labetalol, with potential application as a long-acting formulation. Fu…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Labetalol Hydrochloride
  topic: keywords
subject: Polymeric Nanoparticles
  topic: keywords
subject: Controlled Release
  topic: keywords
subject: Bioavailability
  topic: keywords
subject: Precipitation Technique
  topic: keywords
subject: FT-IR, Zeta Potential
  topic: keywords
subject: Encapsulation Efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: Super Case–II Transport
  topic: keywords
subject: Drug Delivery
  topic: keywords
creator: Shirisha Vanguri
creator: Someshwar K
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-06-02
publication date: 2025-06-02
starting page: 25
ending page: 30

Trace Elements in the Soil of Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh
type: item
description: Monitoring trace elemental concentrations in the soils is essential for identifying changes in elemental contamination as the trace elements pose health hazards. The k0-instrumental neutron activation analysis (k0-INAA) was used to determine the concentrations of As, Co, Cr, Fe, Cd, K, Mn, and Zn in 8 soil samples of Tirupati. The concentrations of 4 potentially toxic elements were as follows As: 15.90–17.03 mg/kg, Cr: 48.89–80.45 mg/kg, Mn: 620–719 mg/kg, Zn: 61.52–150.20 mg/kg. The consumption of toxic metals in soil is a risk to public health.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Trace elements
  topic: keywords
subject: soil
  topic: keywords
subject: toxic metals
  topic: keywords
creator: Madhavi C
creator: Damodaram T
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-04-29
publication date: 2025-04-29
starting page: 21
ending page: 24

Formulation and Evaluation of a Transdermal Drug Delivery System for a Lipid Lowering Drug Fluvastatin sodium
type: item
description: The present study focuses on the development of a fluvastatin sodium-loaded drug-in-adhesive (DIA) patch designed to address the limitations of daily oral drug administration. The patches were fabricated using the solvent casting method, incorporating acrylate emulsion polymers such as Covinax 525-78, Mowinyl 461, and Novacryl PSR32, which served as both sustained-release matrix polymers and adhesives. Methocel K-15M was included as a solubilizer, while permeation enhancers Transcutol, oleic acid, and isopropyl myristate were evaluated for their effectiveness. The Mowinyl–isopropyl myristate combination was further optimized using a 3² factorial design to investigate the impact of two independent variables: the concentration of the solubilizer and the permeation enhancer. The study measured responses including the percentage of drug release, tensile strength, and peel adhesion strength. The optimized patch demonstrated a cumulative drug release of 87.74% after 24 hours, a tensile strength of 12.75 kg/cm², and a peel adhesion strength of 32.44 N/25 mm. The Primary Irritation Index (PII) for the DIA patch was determined to be 0.22, indicating minimal skin irritation. Furthermore, in a Triton WR 1339-induced hyperlipidemic rat model, the transdermal patch significantly reduced serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels compared to oral administration (p < 0.01). These findings suggest that the developed fluvastatin sodium DIA patch is a promising candidate for transdermal drug delivery.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Fluvastatin sodium
  topic: keywords
subject: Drug-in-adhesive (DIA) patch
  topic: keywords
subject: Solvent casting method
  topic: keywords
subject: Acrylate emulsion polymers (Covinax 525-78, Mowinyl 461
  topic: keywords
subject: Novacryl PSR32)
  topic: keywords
subject: Hyperlipidemia model
  topic: keywords
subject: Triton WR 1339
  topic: keywords
creator: Leela Gayathri B
creator: Naziya S
creator: Navya Sree P
creator: Kavitha B
creator: Harshavardhan P.S
creator: Sai Rakshitha A
creator: Mohan G
creator: Rakshith Rakshith
creator: Manju Naik M
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-04-27
publication date: 2025-04-27
starting page: 15
ending page: 20