International Journal of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Research
type: channel
publisher: Pharma Research Library
language: en
publication name: International Journal of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Research
issn: 2321-2624
items: Targeted Cancer Therapy: Pharmacological Advances in Precision Oncology
items: Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Gel Comprising Rubia Cordifolia, Acalypha Indica and Musa Paradisiaca for Diabetic Wound Healing
items: An Evaluation of Regulatory Pathways for Vaccine Development and Approval in Developed Versus Emerging Markets
items: A Study on the Preparation, Submission, and Regulatory Review of Electronic Common Technical Documents (eCTD) for Global Markets
items: An Analysis of Medical Device Regulatory Pathways: A Comparison between USFDA, EU MDR, and Indian CDSCO Guidelines
items: A Comparative Study of Regulatory Requirements and Marketing Authorization of Herbal Medicines in INDIA, THE US, and EUROPE
items: Development and Evaluation of Terbutaline Sulphate and Itraconazole Nanoparticles Dry Powder Inhalers for Asthma Management
items: An Investigation into the Opportunities and Challenges of Orphan Drug Regulations for Rare Diseases: A Comparative Policy and Evidence Synthesis
items: Fabrication and Evaluation of Micellar Structure of Pluronic Copolymer Nanoaggregates of Cabazitaxel
items: A Prospective Study on Assessment of Drug Prescription Pattern and Treatment Profile of Angina Pectoris Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital
items: Assessment of Risk Factors, Clinical Types, Stages, and Prescribing Patterns in Hospitalized Patients with COPD
items: Advances in Extraction Techniques for Isolation of Bioactive Compounds from Medicinal Plants: Comparative Evaluation of Conventional and Modern Approaches
items: A Study on Assessment of Clinical and Treatment Profile for Various Fungal Infections and Its Therapeutic Management in a Tertiary Care Hospital
items: Phytochemical Screening and Anti–Oxidant Profiling of Dragon Fruit
items: Development and Validation of an RP-HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Estimation of Rosuvastatin and Bempedoic acid in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms
items: QBD-Oriented Assay Method Development for the Estimation of Rosiglitazone and Pioglitazone in Bulk and Formulated Dosage Forms
items: Method Development and Validation for the Estimation of Liraglutide and Its Related Substances by using RP-HPLC
items: QBD-Enabled HPLC Method Development and Validation for the Simultaneous Estimation of Benserazide and Levodopa in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms
items: From Ritual Supremacy to Scientific Evidence: A Comparative Review of Sacred Indian Plants Highlighting the Multifaceted Benefits of Lotus
items: A New RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Ribociclib and Letrozole in Its Pure and Tablet Dosage Form as Per ICH Guidelines
items: RP-HPLC Method Development Validation for the Concurrent Identification of Tamsulosin and Tadalafil in Pharamaceutical Dosage Form
items: Formulation, Evaluation and Optimization of Fast Dissolving Tablet of Zaltoprofen
items: Formulation, Optimization and Evaluation of Ritonavir Loaded Nano Emulsion
items: Steroid-Induced Psychosis: Advances in Understanding, Diagnosis, and Management
items: Diabetes Mellitus: A Brief Review on types and Management Strategies
items: Therapeutic and Diagnostic Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Cancer
items: Herbal Plants Role in Prevention and Management of Various Cancers in Community
items: Genomic Research Unlocking New Avenues for Chronic Disease Treatment
items: Evaluation of Hepatoprotective and Anti-Oxidant Activity of Synthetic Piperonal Dervatives
items: Formulation and In-vitro Evaluation of Immediate Release Tablets Containing Febuxostat

Targeted Cancer Therapy: Pharmacological Advances in Precision Oncology
type: item
description: Cancer remains one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide and it creates a continuous need for more effective and personalized treatment strategies. Targeted cancer therapy has changed the field of oncology by focusing on specific molecular abnormalities involved in tumor growth, survival, and progression. By selectively interfering with cancer-related molecular pathways, targeted therapies can improve treatment precision and reduce unnecessary damage to normal tissues. Precision oncology brings together molecular diagnostics, pharmacogenomics, biomarker testing, and companion diagnostics to support individualized treatment selection and improve clinical outcomes. This narrative review summarizes recent pharmacological advances in targeted cancer therapy and examines their role in precision oncology. A structured literature search was conducted using major scientific databases and authoritative sources, with emphasis on peer-reviewed articles, clinical studies, and international guidance related to targeted therapies, molecular biomarkers, pharmacogenomics, and precision medicine. The review covers the molecular basis of precision oncology, major classes of targeted anticancer agents, predictive biomarkers, companion diagnostics, and clinical applications across different cancer types. Mechanisms responsible for drug resistance and emerging therapeutic strategies are also discussed. Recent developments in antibody-drug conjugates, liquid biopsy, multi-omics technologies, and artificial intelligence are highlighted for their potential contribution to more personalized cancer care. Several challenges continue to affect the clinical use of targeted therapies like drug resistance, tumor heterogeneity, limited access to molecular testing, and the high cost of treatment. Additionally, progress in fields of molecular pharmacology, biomarker-guided treatment, and innovative therapeutic strategies may expand the clinical applications of precision oncology. …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Molecular biomarkers
  topic: keywords
subject: Pharmacogenomics
  topic: keywords
subject: Precision medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: Precision oncology
  topic: keywords
subject: Targeted cancer therapy
  topic: keywords
creator: Nataraj Palaniyappan
creator: Vijayakumar Murugesan
creator: Kannan Arumugam
creator: M. Ravisankar
creator: Abuthaheer Thajudeen
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-08-10
publication date: 2026-08-10
starting page: 97
ending page: 108
doi: 10.30904/j.ijmpr.2026.5055

Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Gel Comprising Rubia Cordifolia, Acalypha Indica and Musa Paradisiaca for Diabetic Wound Healing
type: item
description: Delayed cutaneous repair remains a major complication of diabetes mellitus, driven by chronic hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress and impaired angiogenesis. The present study was undertaken to formulate and evaluate a topical polyherbal gel incorporating aqueous extracts of Rubia cordifolia (root), Musa paradisiaca (fruit peel) and Acalypha indica (leaf) for diabetic wound management. Authenticated plant powders were extracted by cold maceration, screened for phytoconstituents, and incorporated into a Carbopol 940-based hydrogel base to yield five formulations (F1-F5). The gels were evaluated for organoleptic properties, pH, viscosity, spreadability, extrudability and drug content, and were characterized by FTIR and UV-Visible spectroscopy; antioxidant activity was assessed by the DPPH assay. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides and triterpenoids. FTIR spectra showed characteristic O-H, C=O, C=C and C-O-C absorptions, and the gel exhibited UV absorption maxima at 271, 315 and 428 nm corresponding to combined phenolic, flavonoid and anthraquinone chromophores. Formulation F3 showed the most favourable pH (6.52), viscosity (38,600 cP), spreadability (18.8 g.cm/s) and drug content (98.8%), together with the strongest antioxidant activity (IC50 = 21.3 microg/mL), comparable to ascorbic acid (IC50 = 15.8 microg/mL). The optimised gel remained stable over three months of accelerated storage. These findings indicate that the developed polyherbal gel possesses suitable physicochemical characteristics and pronounced antioxidant activity, supporting its further evaluation as a topical candidate for diabetic wound healing.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Diabetic wound healing
  topic: keywords
subject: Polyherbal gel
  topic: keywords
subject: Rubia cordifolia
  topic: keywords
subject: Musa paradisiaca
  topic: keywords
subject: Acalypha indica
  topic: keywords
subject: DPPH assay
  topic: keywords
creator: N. Deepa
creator: M. Narmatha
creator: P. Narmatha
creator: M. Neevatha
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-07-24
publication date: 2026-07-24
starting page: 91
ending page: 96
doi: 10.30904/j.ijmpr.2026.5050

An Evaluation of Regulatory Pathways for Vaccine Development and Approval in Developed Versus Emerging Markets
type: item
description: The aim of this thesis is to evaluate, compare, and synthesize vaccine regulatory pathways in selected developed versus emerging markets, with the overarching goal of identifying practical levers to shorten time-to-access without compromising the core pillars of quality, safety, and efficacy. This evaluation seeks to enhance both regulatory efficiency and global equity in vaccine availability. This work conducted a comprehensive evaluation of vaccine regulatory pathways across developed and emerging markets, identifying both convergences and divergences in practices, processes, and capacities. Several key themes emerged: Convergence is growing but uneven: Regulatory systems worldwide increasingly share common features such as conditional approvals, rolling reviews, and reliance mechanisms. However, these mechanisms are more mature and consistently applied in developed markets, while adoption in LMICs remains uneven and resource-dependent. Reliance and rolling reviews as pivotal accelerators: Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates that reliance on WHO PQ/EUL and other global authorities, combined with rolling review models, significantly shortens time-to-market without compromising standards. CMC and pharmacovigilance capacity as persistent bottlenecks: Emerging markets often face resource limitations in conducting rigorous CMC reviews, GMP inspections, lot release testing, and maintaining robust PV systems. These gaps contribute to delays and uneven safety oversight. Policy options and sponsor strategies: Specific, feasible actions can be taken to compress regulatory timelines while preserving scientific rigor. These include embedding reliance frameworks in law, investing in regulatory infrastructure, pre-arranging lot release testing capacity, and leveraging digital traceability systems.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Quality
  topic: keywords
subject: safety
  topic: keywords
subject: efficacy
  topic: keywords
subject: WHO PQ/EUL
  topic: keywords
subject: CMC
  topic: keywords
creator: Sriramojula Archithasri
creator: P. Laxmi
creator: K. Chaitanya Prasad
creator: K Shravan Kumar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-07-10
publication date: 2026-07-10
starting page: 84
ending page: 90
doi: 10.30904/j.ijmpr.2026.5005

A Study on the Preparation, Submission, and Regulatory Review of Electronic Common Technical Documents (eCTD) for Global Markets
type: item
description: This study examined the preparation, submission, and regulatory review of electronic Common Technical Documents (eCTD) across global markets. The findings highlight that while the CTD and eCTD frameworks (ICH M4 and M8) have significantly advanced global harmonization, substantial regional differences in Module 1 requirements remain. These variations often result in duplication of work and increased resource requirements for multinational pharmaceutical companies. The comparative analysis of eCTD requirements across regulatory authorities (USFDA, EMA, PMDA, Health Canada, and CDSCO) revealed both convergence and divergence in dossier preparation and review. Modules 2–5 follow ICH standards consistently, ensuring that quality, non-clinical, and clinical data remain uniform. However, Module 1 demonstrates significant regional variation, leading to additional workload for companies pursuing global submissions. For instance, USFDA requires patent certification data, EMA emphasizes country-specific annexes, and PMDA requires Japanese translations. These differences, though regionally justified, reduce the harmonization that eCTD was intended to promote. Moreover, technical validation requirements especially XML granularity and hyperlinking—vary slightly, further complicating multinational submissions. Thus, the similarities facilitate a shared foundation for global submissions, but the differences create duplication, potential delays, and higher compliance costs.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: CTD
  topic: keywords
subject: eCTD
  topic: keywords
subject: USFDA
  topic: keywords
subject: EMA
  topic: keywords
subject: PMDA
  topic: keywords
creator: Satla Manojkumar
creator: P. Laxmi
creator: K. Chaitanya Prasad
creator: K Shravan Kumar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-07-10
publication date: 2026-07-10
starting page: 75
ending page: 83
doi: 10.30904/j.ijmpr.2026.5004

An Analysis of Medical Device Regulatory Pathways: A Comparison between USFDA, EU MDR, and Indian CDSCO Guidelines
type: item
description: The aim of this research is to produce a rigorous, practice-oriented comparative analysis of medical device regulatory pathways in the United States, European Union, and India. The study seeks to generate actionable recommendations, templates, and comparative models that can guide manufacturers, regulators, and policymakers in navigating multi-jurisdictional submissions efficiently while maintaining high standards of safety, quality, and transparency. This work set out to provide a comparative analysis of medical device regulatory pathways in the United States (USFDA), the European Union (EU MDR), and India (CDSCO). By systematically examining classification systems, pre-market approval routes, dossier requirements, quality system obligations, UDI traceability, and post-market surveillance, the study has produced a structured view of both convergence trends and divergences with practical consequences. The study acknowledges that jurisdictional guidance is continuously evolving, and that timelines vary by product complexity, dossier quality, and regulatory interactions. Thus, while the comparative framework is robust as of September 2025, it requires ongoing monitoring.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: USFDA
  topic: keywords
subject: European Union
  topic: keywords
subject: UDI traceability
  topic: keywords
subject: CDSCO
  topic: keywords
subject: regulatory interactions
  topic: keywords
creator: Saba Anjum
creator: P. Laxmi
creator: K Nagasree
creator: K Shravan Kumar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 67
ending page: 74
doi: 10.30904/j.ijmpr.2026.5041

A Comparative Study of Regulatory Requirements and Marketing Authorization of Herbal Medicines in INDIA, THE US, and EUROPE
type: item
description: India’s formal oversight of herbal medicines is rooted in the Drugs & Cosmetics Act, 1940 (D&C Act) and rules, with dedicated provisions for Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani (ASU) medicines. Schedule T (2000) codified GMP for ASU drugs, while Rule 158-B clarified evidence/experience requirements for ASU proprietary medicines. In 2015, the Government of India introduced phytopharmaceuticals via GSR 918(E), creating a modern “new drug” category (quality, nonclinical, clinical data assessed by CDSCO) distinct from classical ASU formulations. United States: In 1994, the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) established a distinct regulatory category for dietary supplements, under which most herbal products are marketed. Under DSHEA, FDA does not pre-approve supplements for safety/effectiveness; firms must follow labeling rules and are responsible for ensuring safety and quality. Manufacturing quality is governed by 21 CFR Part 111 (cGMP for dietary supplements), while structure/function claims require the 101.93 disclaimer and may not be disease claims. European Union: The EU established a harmonized framework under Directive 2001/83/EC (Community Code), later amended by Directive 2004/24/EC (the “Herbal Directive”) to create a simplified Traditional Herbal Medicinal Products (THMP) registration. THMP requires ≥30 years of medicinal use (including ≥15 years within the EU), evidence of safety and plausible efficacy, and is limited to non-injectable products intended for self-care; many dossiers rely on HMPC monographs and list entries. The study concludes that while regulatory divergence persists, convergence is both possible and desirable. The path forward lies in: Recognizing traditional knowledge alongside modern scientific evidence. Harmonizing GMP/GACP standards to secure global supply chains. Integrating PV systems into a shared platform. Leveraging digital innovations to streamline submissions and safety monitoring. In essence, a hybrid regulatory model c…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: INDIA
  topic: keywords
subject: THE US
  topic: keywords
subject: EUROPE
  topic: keywords
subject: Ayurveda
  topic: keywords
subject: Siddha
  topic: keywords
subject: GMP
  topic: keywords
subject: Herbal Medicinal Products
  topic: keywords
subject: USFDA
  topic: keywords
creator: Pooja Madiwal
creator: P. Laxmi
creator: K Nagasree
creator: K Shravan Kumar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 61
ending page: 66
doi: 10.30904/j.ijmpr.2026.5040

Development and Evaluation of Terbutaline Sulphate and Itraconazole Nanoparticles Dry Powder Inhalers for Asthma Management
type: item
description: The present study aimed to develop and evaluate nanoparticle-based dry powder inhalers (DPIs) containing terbutaline sulphate and itraconazole for pulmonary delivery in asthma management. Terbutaline sulphate acts as a bronchodilator, while itraconazole serves as an antifungal agent against Aspergillus-associated allergic conditions in asthma. Nanoparticles were prepared by physical milling and spray-drying techniques using D-mannitol and trehalose as carriers. The prepared formulations were characterized for flow properties, particle size distribution, zeta potential, moisture content, drug content, and aerosolization performance. The spray-dried formulations demonstrated particle sizes ranging from 216.7 to 423.7 nm with improved zeta potential and lower polydispersity indices compared with milled formulations. Fine particle fraction values ranged from 66.35% to 71.86%, while emitted doses exceeded 93%. The formulations exhibited acceptable flow properties, low moisture content, and excellent drug content uniformity. The findings suggest that spray-dried terbutaline sulphate and itraconazole nanoparticle DPIs possess suitable physicochemical and aerodynamic characteristics for pulmonary drug delivery and may offer improved therapeutic efficacy in asthma management.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Terbutaline sulphate
  topic: keywords
subject: Itraconazole
  topic: keywords
subject: Aspergillus
  topic: keywords
subject: polydispersity
  topic: keywords
subject: aerodynamic
  topic: keywords
creator: Shaik Moheeth
creator: U. Supriya
creator: G. Srinivasa Rao
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 56
ending page: 60
doi: 10.30904/j.ijmpr.2026.5035

An Investigation into the Opportunities and Challenges of Orphan Drug Regulations for Rare Diseases: A Comparative Policy and Evidence Synthesis
type: item
description: The analysis shows that orphan drug frameworks have substantially reshaped the pharmaceutical innovation landscape, delivering concrete opportunities: Incentive-driven R&D growth: Orphan incentives have clearly stimulated discovery and development in areas previously neglected. Pipeline data reveal an exponential increase in rare disease trials, particularly for genetic and ultra-rare conditions. These incentives have catalyzed the rise of biotech SMEs, which rely heavily on exclusivity protections and grant support to de-risk investment. Adaptive and expedited pathways: Regulatory innovations such as the U.S. Accelerated Approval, EU PRIME, and Japan’s Sakigake designation have been effective in enabling earlier patient access. Crucially, these pathways can balance speed with responsibility when tied to robust post-marketing authorization (PMA) obligations, ensuring that uncertainty is progressively reduced. Infrastructure dividends: Investments in registries, natural history databases, and networks of centers of excellence have created public goods. These infrastructures not only enhance trial feasibility but also underpin real-world learning systems, contributing to better long-term outcome measurement and fostering international collaboration.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Infrastructure dividends
  topic: keywords
subject: EU PRIME
  topic: keywords
subject: PMA
  topic: keywords
subject: SMEs
  topic: keywords
creator: P. Eileen
creator: P. Laxmi
creator: K Nagasree
creator: K Shravan Kumar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-06-30
publication date: 2026-06-30
starting page: 50
ending page: 55
doi: 10.30904/j.ijmpr.2026.5001

Fabrication and Evaluation of Micellar Structure of Pluronic Copolymer Nanoaggregates of Cabazitaxel
type: item
description: Conventional therapy available for lung cancer has untended consequences and oral dosage forms has limitations such as low bioavailability of drug due to first pass metabolism which need high dose to treat disease. Polymeric micelles' low toxicity and quick rate of bodily elimination make them excellent for intravenously given drug delivery systems. Additionally, the chemical makeup of the medications does not need to be changed. The study was undertaken for development and characterization of Cabazitaxel loaded lyophilized block co-polymeric micelles for treatment of cancer therapy with effective use of Pluronic F127 and TPGS in polymeric micelles to improve Cabazitaxel solubility. Formulation CBT9 has the highest entrapment rate at 79.12 percent, as the quantity of polymer increases, fraction of drug loading and entrapment also enhances, which is related to the production of additional micelles over the CMC value. The optimized batch's Z averages were 103.5 and 113.6 nm, respectively, with PDI of 0.011 and 0.055. At pH 5.5, Cabazitaxel-loaded polymeric micelles release 87.49 percent of the drug. At pH 7.4, Cabazitaxel-loaded polymeric micelles release 83.19 percent of the drug.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cabazitaxel
  topic: keywords
subject: Polymeric micelles
  topic: keywords
subject: CMC
  topic: keywords
subject: Pluronic co-poymer
  topic: keywords
subject: Pluronic F68
  topic: keywords
subject: Pluronic F127
  topic: keywords
creator: Priyadarsini M
creator: Yasoda Krishna Kottala
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-10-19
publication date: 2025-10-19
starting page: 152
ending page: 157
doi: 10.30904/j.ijmpr.2025.4896

A Prospective Study on Assessment of Drug Prescription Pattern and Treatment Profile of Angina Pectoris Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital
type: item
description: Introduction: Acute coronary syndrome includes unstable angina, non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction, and ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Methodology: The prospective observational study was carried out for a period of 6 months. The study was conducted in cardiology department in a tertiary care hospital. A written and informed consent was obtained from the recruited patients. A Total of 200 patients were enrolled in the study. Aim: The study aimed to assess the drug prescription pattern and treatment profile of angina pectoris patients in a tertiary care hospital. Results and Discussion: In our study 29-35 years age patients were more 65 (32.5%) compared to other ages. In our study male patients were more 119 (59.5%), compared to female patients were 81 ( 40.5%). The classification of Heart failure patients includes Class IV patients were more 74(37%) compared to other classes. Classification of cardiac emergencies includes Congestive heart failure patients were more 81 (40.5%) compared to other cardiac emergencies. Diagnosis tools for angina pectoris includes Troponin levels were more 95(47.5%) compared to Angiography were 20(10%). Clinical manifestations of angina pectoris patients includes Chest pain patients were more 95 (47.5%) compared to other symptoms. Drug prescribing pattern for angina pectoris management includes Thrombolytics prescribed patients were more 41 (20.5%) compared to other drugs. Conclusion: To lower the cost of medicines health care practitioners should be encouraged to prescribe medications with generic names. The findings of our study on the patterns of drug prescription would develop a framework for ongoing prescription assessment in a healthcare setting. Rational use of drugs practice must be improved in clinical settings to maximize the benefit of drug therapy in patient care.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Unstable angina
  topic: keywords
subject: Health care practitioners
  topic: keywords
subject: Drug prescription
  topic: keywords
subject: Rational use of drugs
  topic: keywords
subject: Healthcare setting
  topic: keywords
creator: Ramya Nagasuri
creator: Umadevi Chintha
creator: Sandeep Gondigalla
creator: Basheer Jandamaan
creator: Sravan Kushal Madarapaka
creator: Shereen Taj S
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-04-24
publication date: 2026-04-24
starting page: 45
ending page: 49
doi: 10.30904/j.ijmpr.2026.4966

Assessment of Risk Factors, Clinical Types, Stages, and Prescribing Patterns in Hospitalized Patients with COPD
type: item
description: Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common and treatable disease characterized by progressive airflow limitation and tissue destruction. Aim: The study aimed to assess risk factors, clinical types, stages, and prescribing patterns among COPD patients. Methods: The prospective observational study was carried out for a period of 6 months. The study was conducted in General medicine department in a tertiary care hospital. A written and informed consent was obtained from the recruited patients. A Total of 225 patients were enrolled in the study. Results: In our study 37-46 years age patients were more 62 (27.55%) compared to other ages. In our study male patients were more 147(65.33 %), compared to female patients were 78 (34.66 %). Inhalational route of administration of drugs were more 138(61.33%) compared to other Route of administration of drugs. Drug therapy for COPD includes Triple therapy patients were more 104 (46.22%) compared to other drug therapies. Antibiotic therapy for COPD includes Aminoglycosides prescribed patients were more 67(29.77%) compared to other antibiotic therapies. Drug prescribing pattern for COPD management includes Theophylline prescribed drugs patients were more 52(23.11%) compared to other prescribed drugs. Conclusion: The study suggests that improving medication adherence among individuals with COPD can brings out enhanced patient outcomes by providing effective counseling may help to reduce the burden of COPD.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: COPD
  topic: keywords
subject: Airflow limitation
  topic: keywords
subject: Medication adherence
  topic: keywords
subject: Effective counseling
  topic: keywords
subject: Antibiotic therapy
  topic: keywords
creator: Sirisha B
creator: Bhavya Sree K
creator: Sanjay N
creator: Venkat Swamy K
creator: Kalyan U
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-04-24
publication date: 2026-04-24
starting page: 41
ending page: 44
doi: 10.30904/j.ijmpr.2026.4965

Advances in Extraction Techniques for Isolation of Bioactive Compounds from Medicinal Plants: Comparative Evaluation of Conventional and Modern Approaches
type: item
description: Natural products derived from medicinal plants remain important sources of bioactive compounds with significant therapeutic potential. Growing resistance to synthetic drugs and associated adverse effects has renewed global interest in plant-based medicines as safer alternatives. Extraction, isolation, and characterization of phytoconstituents form the foundation for the development of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and functional foods. Conventional extraction techniques such as maceration, percolation, decoction, reflux, and Soxhlet extraction are widely used; however, they often require prolonged extraction times, high solvent consumption, and substantial energy input. In contrast, modern extraction technologies—including ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, and solid-phase microextraction—offer enhanced efficiency, selectivity, reduced solvent use, and improved environmental sustainability. This study presents a structured comparative analysis of conventional and modern extraction techniques for both non-volatile and volatile plant constituents. Results indicate that modern techniques significantly reduce extraction time and solvent usage while improving yield and purity. However, challenges such as equipment cost and industrial scalability remain. Continuous advancements in green extraction technologies are expected to further enhance sustainable utilization of plant-derived bioactive compounds.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Plant extraction
  topic: keywords
subject: Phytochemicals
  topic: keywords
subject: Supercritical fluid extraction
  topic: keywords
subject: Microwave-assisted extraction
  topic: keywords
subject: Sonication
  topic: keywords
creator: Salma Sultana SK
creator: Ashok Damai
creator: Venkata Harsha Vardan D
creator: Likitha P
creator: Swarupa Rani R
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-04-24
publication date: 2026-04-24
starting page: 38
ending page: 40
doi: 10.30904/j.ijmpr.2026.4931

A Study on Assessment of Clinical and Treatment Profile for Various Fungal Infections and Its Therapeutic Management in a Tertiary Care Hospital
type: item
description: Introduction: Fungal infections can include superficial, cutaneous, sub-cutaneous, mucosal and systemic infections with varying degree of severity. Aim: The study aimed to assess clinical and treatment profile for various fungal infections and its therapeutic management in a tertiary care hospital. Methodology: The prospective observational study was carried out for a period of 6 months. The study was conducted in Dermatology department in a tertiary care hospital. A written and informed consent was obtained from the recruited patients. A Total of 50 patients were enrolled in the study. Results and Discussion: In our study 35-45 years age patients were more 18 (36%), compared to other ages. In our study Oral route administered patients were more 20(40%), compared to other route of administration drugs. Clinical manifestations of fungal infections include Nasal congestion symptoms patients were more 14 (28%), compared to other symptoms. Drug prescribing pattern for fungal infections includes Itraconazole prescribed patients were more 11 (22%) compared to other prescribed drugs. Type of Fungal infection includes Candidiasis patients were more 14 (28%) compared to other fungal infections. Conclusion: The regular prescription audit services must have encouraged to promote rational use of drugs and helps to develop standard prescribing guidelines in health care. This study showed that prescribing pattern of antifungal drugs helps to avoid the unnecessary use of antifungal medication based side effects in hospitals.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Fungal infections
  topic: keywords
subject: Systemic infections
  topic: keywords
subject: Prescription audit
  topic: keywords
subject: Itraconazole
  topic: keywords
subject: Rational use of drugs
  topic: keywords
creator: Gnana Prasuna G
creator: Harshini Reddy G
creator: Tejaswini P
creator: Sandhiya K
creator: Ambika V
creator: Dilli Babu V
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-04-24
publication date: 2026-04-24
starting page: 33
ending page: 37
doi: 10.30904/j.ijmpr.2026.4929

Phytochemical Screening and Anti–Oxidant Profiling of Dragon Fruit
type: item
description: The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant potential of Hylocereus undatus (dragon fruit) fruit pulp extracts using different solvents such as aqueous, chloroform, and hexane. Initially, the yield of solvent extracts was determined. Among the different solvents used, the aqueous extract showed the highest yield (5 g) from 50 g of dried fruit pulp powder, followed by chloroform extract (2.5g) and hexane extract (1.5g). The aqueous and chloroform extracts appeared as dark brown coloured paste, whereas the hexane extract showed a light brown coloured paste. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of various secondary metabolites in the fruit pulp extracts. The aqueous extract showed the presence of carbohydrates, tannins, saponins, anthocyanins, quinones, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, triterpenoids, phenols, acids, and steroids. The chloroform extract contained carbohydrates, saponins, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, triterpenoids, phenols, and coumarins, while the hexane extract exhibited carbohydrates, saponins, anthocyanins, quinones, phenols, and acids. These phytochemicals are known to possess significant biological and antioxidant properties. The antioxidant potential of H. undatus fruit pulp extracts was evaluated using the DPPH radical scavenging assay. The results demonstrated that the percentage inhibition of DPPH increased with increasing concentration of extracts. Among the extracts, the aqueous extract exhibited stronger antioxidant activity compared to chloroform and hexane extracts, although the activity was lower than that of the standard L-ascorbic acid. At the highest concentration (200 µg/ml), the percentage inhibition observed was 63.49% for aqueous extract, 43.01% for chloroform extract, and 23.34% for hexane extract, whereas the standard L-ascorbic acid showed 77.45% inhibition.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Hylocereus undatus
  topic: keywords
subject: dragon fruit
  topic: keywords
subject: chloroform extract
  topic: keywords
subject: carbohydrates
  topic: keywords
subject: saponins
  topic: keywords
subject: alkaloids
  topic: keywords
creator: Surendra Katikala
creator: Nivedhitha S
creator: Rachel D
creator: Chandana Ch
creator: Waad Alwad Abdelrahman Alawaad
creator: Jayapriya B
creator: Surendra A
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-04-24
publication date: 2026-04-24
starting page: 28
ending page: 32
doi: 10.30904/j.ijmpr.2026.4928

Development and Validation of an RP-HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Estimation of Rosuvastatin and Bempedoic acid in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms
type: item
description: This study outlines the successful development and validation of a robust reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the simultaneous estimation of Rosuvastatin and Bempedoic acid in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Multiple chromatographic trials were conducted to optimize key parameters including column type, mobile phase composition, and flow rate. The finalized method utilized a Thermostat ODS column (4.6×250 mm, 5 µm) with a mobile phase of 0.1% orthophosphoric acid (OPA) buffer (pH 3.5) and acetonitrile in a 30:70 v/v ratio, with detection at 240 nm. The method exhibited excellent system suitability, with acceptable retention times, resolution, peak symmetry, and theoretical plate counts, in accordance with ICH guidelines. Validation studies confirmed the method’s precision, accuracy, linearity, sensitivity, and robustness. Assay results showed drug content within acceptable limits 98.3% for Rosuvastatin and 100.3% for Bempedoic acid. Linearity was established over the ranges of 8–40 µg/ml and 36–180 µg/ml for Rosuvastatin and Bempedoic acid, respectively, with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.999. The method demonstrated high repeatability and intermediate precision (%RSD < 2%), while robustness testing revealed no significant impact from minor variations in flow rate and mobile phase composition. These findings affirm the method’s reliability and suitability for routine quality control of combined formulations containing Rosuvastatin and Bempedoic acid.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: RP-HPLC
  topic: keywords
subject: Rosuvastatin
  topic: keywords
subject: Bempedoic acid
  topic: keywords
subject: method validation
  topic: keywords
subject: system suitability
  topic: keywords
subject: linearity
  topic: keywords
subject: precision
  topic: keywords
subject: accuracy
  topic: keywords
subject: robustness
  topic: keywords
subject: ICH guidelines
  topic: keywords
creator: Afreen Mohammad
creator: Chaitanya Prasad K
creator: Nagasree K
creator: Shravan Kumar K
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-06
publication date: 2026-02-06
starting page: 23
ending page: 27
doi: 10.30904/j.ijmpr.2026.4919

QBD-Oriented Assay Method Development for the Estimation of Rosiglitazone and Pioglitazone in Bulk and Formulated Dosage Forms
type: item
description: This study presents the Quality by Design (QbD)-driven development and validation of a robust reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the simultaneous estimation of Rosiglitazone and Pioglitazone in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. Employing a Box-Behnken Design (BBD) via Design Expert software, critical method parameters—flow rate, buffer pH, and organic phase ratio were systematically optimized. Statistical validation through ANOVA confirmed the model’s significance, particularly in enhancing resolution and minimizing tailing. The method was validated in accordance with ICH Q2(R1) guidelines, demonstrating excellent system suitability, accuracy (98–102% recovery), precision (%RSD < 2%), linearity (R² > 0.999), sensitivity (acceptable LOD and LOQ), and robustness under varied analytical conditions. The resolution between the two analytes exceeded the threshold of 2, ensuring effective separation. These results affirm the method’s reliability, reproducibility, and suitability for routine quality control of Rosiglitazone and Pioglitazone in pharmaceutical dosage forms.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Quality by Design (QbD)
  topic: keywords
subject: RP-HPLC
  topic: keywords
subject: Rosiglitazone
  topic: keywords
subject: Pioglitazone
  topic: keywords
subject: ICH Q2(R1) guidelines
  topic: keywords
subject: LOD
  topic: keywords
subject: LOQ
  topic: keywords
subject: robustness
  topic: keywords
subject: ANOVA
  topic: keywords
creator: Ramadevi Gangula
creator: Chaitanya Prasad K
creator: Nagasree K
creator: Shravan Kumar K
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-06
publication date: 2026-02-06
starting page: 19
ending page: 22
doi: 10.30904/j.ijmpr.2026.4918

Method Development and Validation for the Estimation of Liraglutide and Its Related Substances by using RP-HPLC
type: item
description: A robust and precise gradient reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of Liraglutide and its related impurities Des-acetyl Liraglutide (Impurity A) and Glycosylated Liraglutide (Impurity B). The optimized chromatographic conditions employed an Inertsil C18 column (250×4.6 mm, 3μm) with a mobile phase of NAH₂PO₄ buffer (pH 4) and methanol under gradient elution. System suitability parameters, including resolution (>2), tailing factor (<2), and theoretical plate count (>2000), confirmed the method’s efficiency and reliability. Linearity was demonstrated across concentration ranges of 40–200 µg/mL for Liraglutide and 4–20µg/mL for impurities, with correlation coefficients (R²>0.999) indicating excellent linearity. The method exhibited high precision (%RSD <2%) and accuracy (recovery 98–102%) across multiple concentration levels. Sensitivity was confirmed with acceptable limits of detection and quantification. Robustness was validated through deliberate variations in flow rate and mobile phase composition, showing minimal impact on performance. Forced degradation studies under various stress conditions verified the method’s stability-indicating capability, effectively separating and quantifying degradation products. This validated RP-HPLC method is suitable for routine quality control and stability testing of Liraglutide formulations, ensuring reliable detection of impurities and degradation products.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: RP-HPLC
  topic: keywords
subject: Liraglutide
  topic: keywords
subject: Des-acetyl Liraglutide
  topic: keywords
subject: Glycosylated Liraglutide
  topic: keywords
subject: method validation
  topic: keywords
subject: impurities
  topic: keywords
subject: gradient elution
  topic: keywords
subject: system suitability
  topic: keywords
subject: precision
  topic: keywords
subject: accuracy
  topic: keywords
creator: Avinash Reddy Tudi
creator: Chaitanya Prasad K
creator: Nagasree K
creator: Shravan Kumar K
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-06
publication date: 2026-02-06
starting page: 15
ending page: 18
doi: 10.30904/j.ijmpr.2026.4917

QBD-Enabled HPLC Method Development and Validation for the Simultaneous Estimation of Benserazide and Levodopa in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms
type: item
description: This study presents the development and validation of a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the simultaneous estimation of Benserazide and Levodopa in pharmaceutical formulations. A Box-Behnken response surface design was employed to systematically optimize key chromatographic parameters, including mobile phase composition, buffer pH, and flow rate. Statistical analysis revealed that flow rate significantly influenced resolution, while buffer pH and organic phase ratio affected peak tailing. The optimized method utilized a SPURCIL C18 column (250×4.6 mm, 5 µm) with a mobile phase of ammonium acetate buffer (pH 5.0) and methanol in a 70:30 ratio, at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and UV detection at 220 nm. The system suitability parameters resolution >2, tailing factor <2, and theoretical plates >2000 confirmed the method’s efficiency and reliability. Validation was conducted in accordance with ICH Q2(R1) guidelines, demonstrating excellent accuracy, precision, linearity, sensitivity, and robustness. Recovery rates for Benserazide and Levodopa were within the acceptable range of 98–102%, with %RSD values below 2% for both repeatability and intermediate precision. Linearity was observed over the ranges of 10–50 µg/ml for Benserazide and 40–200 µg/ml for Levodopa, with correlation coefficients of 0.9997 and 0.9998, respectively. The method exhibited low limits of detection and quantification, confirming its sensitivity. Robustness testing showed consistent performance under minor variations in chromatographic conditions. Overall, the developed HPLC method is reliable, reproducible, and suitable for routine quality control of Benserazide and Levodopa in combined pharmaceutical dosage forms.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: HPLC
  topic: keywords
subject: Benserazide
  topic: keywords
subject: Levodopa
  topic: keywords
subject: ammonium acetate buffer
  topic: keywords
subject: system suitability
  topic: keywords
subject: ICH Q2(R1)
  topic: keywords
subject: linearity
  topic: keywords
subject: precision
  topic: keywords
subject: accuracy
  topic: keywords
subject: LOD
  topic: keywords
subject: LOQ
  topic: keywords
creator: Sandhya Kursam
creator: Chaitanya Prasad K
creator: Nagasree K
creator: Shravan Kumar K
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-02-06
publication date: 2026-02-06
starting page: 9
ending page: 14
doi: 10.30904/j.ijmpr.2026.4916

From Ritual Supremacy to Scientific Evidence: A Comparative Review of Sacred Indian Plants Highlighting the Multifaceted Benefits of Lotus
type: item
description: Traditional Indian knowledge systems describe a hierarchical reverence of sacred plants, in which ritual supremacy is often associated with perceived therapeutic superiority. Among these, blue lotus (Nymphaea nouchali; blue water lily) occupies a culturally exalted position and is frequently regarded as an apex offering in devotional practices, despite long-standing taxonomic confusion with true lotus (Nelumbo nucifera). This review critically evaluates selected sacred Indian plants-Nymphaea nouchali (blue lotus), Nelumbo nucifera (sacred lotus), Pandanus odorifer (pagada flower), Datura metel (thorn apple), Raphanus sativus (radish), Acacia nilotica (gum arabic tree), Achyranthes aspera (prickly chaff flower), Desmostachya bipinnata (kusha grass), and Prosopis cineraria (shami tree) by integrating ethnobotanical knowledge with contemporary pharmacognostic, phytochemical, and pharmacological evidence. Emphasis is placed on the therapeutic relevance of Nymphaea species, traditionally employed in Ayurveda, Siddha, and folk medicine as cooling agents, nervine tonics, sedatives, cardiotonics, and anti-inflammatory remedies. Blue lotus exhibits a distinct pharmacological profile characterized by central nervous system–modulating, anxiolytic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective activities, attributed to aporphine alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, glycosides, and tannins. Comparative evaluation indicates that while Nelumbo nucifera demonstrates broader nutraceutical utility, Nymphaea species occupy a more specialized yet culturally supreme position with pronounced neuropharmacological and cooling properties. This review reinterprets sacred plant hierarchies through an evidence-based lens, positioning blue lotus as a culturally apex but scientifically underexplored medicinal plant with promising translational potential.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sacred plants
  topic: keywords
subject: lotus varieties
  topic: keywords
subject: Nymphaea nouchali
  topic: keywords
subject: Nelumbo nucifera
  topic: keywords
subject: blue lotus
  topic: keywords
subject: ethnomedicine
  topic: keywords
subject: pharmacognosy
  topic: keywords
subject: phytochemistry
  topic: keywords
subject: traditional plant hierarchy
  topic: keywords
subject: nutraceuticals
  topic: keywords
creator: Siva Prasad K
creator: Veeranjaneyulu Venkata
creator: Santhoshi Pravallika V
creator: Veeraraghavulu T
creator: Siva Prasad B
creator: Shireesha Rao K.L
creator: Vijaya T
creator: V Vasantha Lakshmi Ch
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2026-01-23
publication date: 2026-01-23
starting page: 01
ending page: 08
doi: 10.30904/j.ijmpr.2026.4911

A New RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Ribociclib and Letrozole in Its Pure and Tablet Dosage Form as Per ICH Guidelines
type: item
description: A simple, precise, and reliable RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of Letrozole and Ribociclib in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms in accordance with ICH Q2(R1) guidelines. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a Waters C18 column (4.6×250mm, 5 µm) with a mobile phase of 0.1% ortho phosphoric acid buffer and methanol (25:75 v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and detection wavelength of 227 nm. Retention times were 2.04 min for Letrozole and 2.52 min for Ribociclib, with system suitability parameters meeting all acceptance criteria. Validation results demonstrated excellent linearity (R² = 0.999), high accuracy (recoveries 99–101%), precision (%RSD < 1%), and sensitivity with low LOD and LOQ values. Robustness and ruggedness studies confirmed the method’s reliability under deliberate variations in flow rate and mobile phase composition, while intermediate precision showed consistent performance across days and instruments. Overall, the developed method is simple, cost-effective, accurate, and sensitive, making it highly suitable for routine quality control, stability studies, batch release testing, and regulatory applications for Letrozole and Ribociclib formulations.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: C18 column
  topic: keywords
subject: Robustness
  topic: keywords
subject: ruggedness
  topic: keywords
subject: reliable RP-HPLC
  topic: keywords
subject: LOD
  topic: keywords
subject: LOQ
  topic: keywords
creator: Chennarao Kelouthu
creator: Sudhakar B
creator: Aravinda Reddy P
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-10-17
publication date: 2025-10-17
starting page: 145
ending page: 151
doi: 10.30904/j.ijmpr.2025.4895

RP-HPLC Method Development Validation for the Concurrent Identification of Tamsulosin and Tadalafil in Pharamaceutical Dosage Form
type: item
description: A robust and validated RP-HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of Tamsulosin and Tadalafil in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms, in accordance with ICH Q2(R1) guidelines. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a Spursil C18-EP column (150×4.6 mm, 3 µm) with a mobile phase consisting of 34% perchloric acid and 66% acetonitrile, at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and detection wavelength of 223 nm. The method provided sharp and well-resolved peaks with retention times of 3.7 min for Tamsulosin and 4.7 min for Tadalafil. System suitability parameters, including resolution (>2), theoretical plates (>2000), and tailing factor (<2), met all acceptance limits. The method was validated and found to be accurate, with mean recoveries within 98–102%, linear over the ranges 1.6–8 µg/mL for Tamsulosin and 20–100 µg/mL for Tadalafil (R² > 0.999), precise (%RSD <1), sensitive with LODs of 0.02 µg/mL and LOQs of 0.07–0.08 µg/mL. Robustness and ruggedness studies confirmed reliability under small variations in chromatographic conditions, while forced degradation studies demonstrated its stability-indicating capability. Overall, the proposed method is simple, rapid, accurate, and cost-effective, making it highly suitable for routine quality control, stability assessment, and regulatory submission of Tamsulosin–Tadalafil formulations.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation
  topic: keywords
subject: Spursil C18-EP Column Chromatography
  topic: keywords
subject: Perchloric Acid–Acetonitrile Mobile Phase
  topic: keywords
subject: Stability-Indicating Assay of Combination Therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Linearity
  topic: keywords
subject: Precision
  topic: keywords
subject: Sensitivity
  topic: keywords
subject: Lower Limits of Detection (LOD)
  topic: keywords
subject: Limits of Quantification (LOQ)
  topic: keywords
subject: Routine Quality Control
  topic: keywords
subject: Degradation
  topic: keywords
subject: Robustness Testing
  topic: keywords
creator: Hire Sagar Pandharinath
creator: Pradeep CH
creator: Aravinda Reddy P
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-10-15
publication date: 2025-10-15
starting page: 136
ending page: 144
doi: 10.30904/j.ijmpr.2025.4894

Formulation, Evaluation and Optimization of Fast Dissolving Tablet of Zaltoprofen
type: item
description: This study aimed at developing and evaluating fast oral disintegrating tablets of Zaltoprofen, supported by a validated UV spectrophotometric analysis for drug quantification. The method showed strong linearity in the concentration range of 2 to 10 µg/ml at an absorption peak of 257nm in 0.1 N HCl, ensuring precise and reliable detection. Pre-compression characterizations exhibited favorable powder flow and compressibility, indicated by consistent bulk and tapped densities, Carr’s index, Hausner ratio, and angle of repose values, facilitating smooth tablet manufacturing by direct compression. Post-compression evaluation confirmed that the tablets met quality control benchmarks including uniform hardness, low friability, consistent drug content, and appropriate thickness. The formulations demonstrated rapid disintegration and wetting times, essential for effective oral delivery. In vitro dissolution studies revealed efficient release profiles, with the optimal formulation achieving nearly complete drug release within 30 minutes. Further kinetic analyses confirmed a controlled drug release mechanism, fitting zero and first-order models. FTIR studies indicated no interaction between the drug and excipients, assuring formulation stability. Overall, the research successfully produced high-quality Zaltoprofen oral disintegrating tablets with rapid onset potential and stable composition, enhancing patient compliance and therapeutic efficiency.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Zaltoprofen
  topic: keywords
subject: oral disintegrating tablets
  topic: keywords
subject: UV spectrophotometry
  topic: keywords
subject: drug release
  topic: keywords
subject: kinetic modeling
  topic: keywords
creator: Maheswari Akunuri
creator: Ramchander T
creator: Aravinda Reddy P
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-10-15
publication date: 2025-10-15
starting page: 130
ending page: 135
doi: 10.30904/j.ijmpr.2025.4882

Formulation, Optimization and Evaluation of Ritonavir Loaded Nano Emulsion
type: item
description: The present study was undertaken to develop and evaluate nanoemulsion-based transdermal gel formulations of Ritonavir using different polymers. The formulations were systematically assessed through physicochemical and stability studies, including pH, weight/ml, assay, viscosity, sedimentation volume, ease of redispersibility, and particle size analysis. The results demonstrated that all evaluated parameters remained stable throughout the study, confirming the suitability of the developed formulations. Among the different batches, formulation F3 exhibited the most favorable properties, including stability, uniformity, pleasant texture, and good redispersibility. Dissolution studies further revealed that F3 achieved a maximum drug release of 98.89% within 10 hours, designating it as the optimized formulation. Additionally, formulation F8, containing D-Sorbitol at a concentration of 75 mg, was also prepared and evaluated. Overall, the findings highlight formulation F3 as a promising nanoemulsion-based transdermal gel for Ritonavir, offering enhanced drug release and stable characteristics for potential therapeutic application.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Assay
  topic: keywords
subject: viscosity
  topic: keywords
subject: sedimentation volume
  topic: keywords
subject: Ritonavir
  topic: keywords
creator: Khairnar Rohit Sanjay
creator: Rajkumar Devara
creator: Aravinda Reddy P
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-10-12
publication date: 2025-10-12
starting page: 124
ending page: 129
doi: 10.30904/j.ijmpr.2025.4881

Steroid-Induced Psychosis: Advances in Understanding, Diagnosis, and Management
type: item
description: Steroid-induced psychosis is an under recognized but clinically significant complication of systemic corticosteroid therapy, characterized by a spectrum of psychiatric manifestations ranging from mood disturbances to acute psychotic episodes. Its pathophysiology involves multifactorial mechanisms, including dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, altered neurotransmitter signaling (dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate), neuroinflammation, and genetic or epigenetic susceptibility. High-dose and prolonged corticosteroid therapy, advanced age, pre-existing psychiatric conditions, and pharmacokinetic variability are important risk factors, while neuroimaging studies have revealed structural and functional alterations correlating with symptom severity. Diagnosis remains primarily clinical, supported by standardized rating scales, biomarker assessment, and neuroimaging when necessary. Management requires a multifaceted approach encompassing pharmacological interventions (antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, benzodiazepines), non-pharmacological strategies, and careful steroid dose modulation. Emerging personalized medicine strategies, including genetic and epigenetic profiling, offer promise for tailored interventions. Preventive measures such as risk stratification, routine psychiatric screening, patient and caregiver education, and judicious corticosteroid use are critical to minimize morbidity. Future directions involve biomarker discovery, integration of artificial intelligence for risk prediction, and development of standardized clinical guidelines. Early recognition, individualized management, and coordinated multidisciplinary care are essential to optimize patient outcomes and reduce healthcare burden associated with steroid-induced psychosis.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Steroid-induced psychosis
  topic: keywords
subject: Corticosteroids
  topic: keywords
subject: hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA)
  topic: keywords
subject: antipsychotics
  topic: keywords
subject: mood stabilizers
  topic: keywords
subject: benzodiazepines
  topic: keywords
subject: Neuroinflammation
  topic: keywords
creator: Gautham Chakra R
creator: Rajeswari G
creator: Manvitha Badvel
creator: Yamuna Matli
creator: Rathish P
creator: Hasan Dudekula
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-10-09
publication date: 2025-10-09
starting page: 119
ending page: 123
doi: 10.30904/j.ijmpr.2025.4864

Diabetes Mellitus: A Brief Review on types and Management Strategies
type: item
description: Diabetes mellitus is a life-deadliest disease due to its effect on the lives of people. It has drawn a lot of attention recently. The causes of various forms of diabetes, including type 1 & type 2 were discussed along with how they effect those. Younger generation is more prone to type 1 diabetes than older ones who are more likely to have type 2 diabetes mellitus. Now-a-days diabetes mellitus has materialized as a significant global public health concern with an increase in its prevalence. Different types of diabetes mellitus which includes type 1 diabetes (Idiopathic & Fulminant), type 2 diabetes, and gestational disease. The role of inflammation in type 1 and type 2 diabetes is examined, along with mediators and potential anti-inflammatory treatments. The manifestation of pancreatic damages β-cell islet inflammation, oxidative stress, & a impaired insulin production. The treatment options and strategies for two forms of diabetes were also discussed in addition to how the disease affects quality of life of people. People from low and middle income countries are more prone to having diabetes. It is associated with obesity. The progression of the disease over time has been associated with an increase in disability and mortality. Additionally, the impact of diabetes mellitus on these stresses, acute kidney injury, immune system complications and other diabetic complications like retinopathy & neuropathy is also examined. Therefore, further research is required to enhance diagnosis, prevent chronic complications & identify potential therapeutic targets for the maintenance of diabetes mellitus and its associated dysfunctions or abnormality.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Diabetes mellitus
  topic: keywords
subject: β-cell
  topic: keywords
subject: type 1 and type 2 diabetes
  topic: keywords
subject: oxidative stress
  topic: keywords
subject: insulin
  topic: keywords
creator: Naga Bharathi S
creator: Muskaan Syed
creator: Sumayya Patan
creator: Kavya Sri Kuntlapati
creator: Dominica Francise Mary Susaraj
creator: Jayanthi Hasthi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-10-05
publication date: 2025-10-05
starting page: 114
ending page: 118
doi: 10.30904/j.ijmpr.2025.4859

Therapeutic and Diagnostic Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Cancer
type: item
description: Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have emerged as a promising tool in cancer theranostics, which combines therapeutic and diagnostic strategies in a single platform. These nanoparticles, typically composed of iron oxide or other magnetic materials, offer unique advantages in cancer management, such as targeted drug delivery, imaging, and real-time monitoring of therapeutic efficacy. MNPs can be functionalized with targeting ligands such as antibodies, peptides, or small molecules to enhance their selectivity for cancer cells, thereby reducing off-target effects and minimizing toxicity. In addition to their therapeutic potential, MNPs enable advanced diagnostic techniques, particularly in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and hyperthermia-based treatments. As MRI contrast agents, MNPs enable high-resolution imaging for precise tumour localization and the monitoring of disease progression. Moreover, when subjected to an alternating magnetic field, MNPs can induce localized hyperthermia, effectively killing cancer cells through heat-induced cytotoxicity while sparing surrounding healthy tissue. The dual functionality of MNPs makes them ideal candidates for cancer theranostic applications, enabling the simultaneous diagnosis and treatment of tumours. Despite their potential, several challenges remain in the development of MNPs for clinical use, including issues related to biocompatibility, stability, scalability, and regulatory approval. Furthermore, the optimal size, surface modification, and drug release mechanisms of MNPs must be carefully designed to maximise therapeutic efficacy. Nevertheless, the integration of MNPs in cancer theranostics represents a promising area of research, with the potential to fundamentally change the personalized treatment of cancer by offering more effective, targeted, and non-invasive options.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Magnetic nanoparticles
  topic: keywords
subject: targeted therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: cancer theranostics
  topic: keywords
creator: Divya Battala
creator: Revathi Sarvepalli
creator: Sai Manu Katta
creator: Varalakshmi Kunda
creator: Charunya K
creator: Vardhan Ediga
creator: Ramesh Yerikala
creator: Venugopalaiah Penabaka
creator: Prapurna Chandra Yadala
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 107
ending page: 113
doi: 10.30904/j.ijmpr.2025.4858

Herbal Plants Role in Prevention and Management of Various Cancers in Community
type: item
description: Globally cancer is a disease which severely effects the human population. There is a constant demand for new therapies to treat and prevent this life-threatening disease. Scientific and research interest is drawing its attention towards naturally-derived compounds as they are considered to have less toxic side effects compared to current treatments such as chemotherapy. The Plant Kingdom produces naturally occurring secondary metabolites which are being investigated for their anticancer activities leading to the development of new clinical drugs. Cancer has been a constant battle globally with a lot of development in cures and preventative therapies. The disease is characterized by cells in the human body continually multiplying with the inability to be controlled or stopped. Consequently, forming tumours of malignant cells with the potential to be metastatic. Current treatments include chemotherapy, radiotherapy and chemically derived drugs. Treatments such as chemotherapy can put patients under a lot of strain and further damage their health. Therefore, there is a focus on using alternative treatments and therapies against cancer. For many years herbal medicines have been used and are still used in developing countries as the primary source of medical treatment. Plants have been used in medicine for their natural antiseptic properties. Thus, research has developed into investigating the potential properties and uses of terrestrial plants extracts for the preparation of potential nanomaterial based drugs for diseases including cancer. Many plant species are already being used to treat or prevent development of cancer. Multiple researchers have identified species of plants that have demonstrated anticancer properties with a lot of focus on those that have been used in herbal medicine in developing countries to treat cancer.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: Medicinal plants
  topic: keywords
subject: diseases
  topic: keywords
subject: clinical drugs
  topic: keywords
creator: Mahalakshmi Anchala
creator: Shireesha Vislavath
creator: Bhanumati A
creator: Sarvanandham V
creator: Shashidhar V
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-09-18
publication date: 2025-09-18
starting page: 98
ending page: 105
doi: 10.30904/j.ijmpr.2025.4854

Genomic Research Unlocking New Avenues for Chronic Disease Treatment
type: item
description: As the world’s population ages, mortality increasingly reflects the ravages of complex chronic diseases, particularly cancer and heart disease. A person’s risk of succumbing to a chronic disease is linked to his or her genetics. This genome-centric view of causation is motivated by the technologic ability to detect and manipulate genes, and fosters the notion that genetic factors are necessary determinants of disease that operate in a causal background of diverse exposures. Chronic venous disease is highly prevalent in the Western side. The recent developments in sequencing technology, clinicians and geneticists alike are embarking on a journey to identify and unravel the genetic candidates of chronic venous disease. Currently substantial evidence to suggest the presence of genetic influences in the aetiology and pathology of venous disease. The researchers should be urged to foster collaborative links and design a genome-wide case-control association study as an international consortium to provide a statistically robust paradigm in the field of chronic venous disease genetics. Family history is a well-known risk factor for developing many common chronic diseases, such as diabetes, asthma, and coronary heart disease, and reflects inherited genetic and shared environmental contribution in disease. The future directions include incorporating genotype information to partition DNA-transmitted genetic versus environmental variance in phenotype in family history to decompose the various components of risk influenced by familial disease. An accurate diagnosis is also crucial for genetic counseling and family planning and allows reproductive options, such as prenatal or pre-implantation genetic testing. It allows screening of at-risk family members, which may also be important in determining their eligibility as kidney transplant donors. At present, phenotype-associated multigene panels and ES are the preferred diagnostic MPS-based testing modalities, but it is expected tha…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Complex chronic diseases
  topic: keywords
subject: Genetics
  topic: keywords
subject: Genetic testing
  topic: keywords
subject: Genotype information
  topic: keywords
subject: Familial disease
  topic: keywords
creator: Surendra Katikala
creator: Nivedhitha S
creator: Lakshmi Prasanna Kavali
creator: Sravani Uppala
creator: Sravanthi Yallasiri
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-09-17
publication date: 2025-09-17
starting page: 91
ending page: 97
doi: 10.30904/j.ijmpr.2025.4844

Evaluation of Hepatoprotective and Anti-Oxidant Activity of Synthetic Piperonal Dervatives
type: item
description: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of newly synthesized piperonal derivatives. Three test compounds (Test compound 1, 2, and 3) were assessed against carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Oral administration of the derivatives at 100 mg/kg significantly (p < 0.01) reduced elevated serum markers of hepatic damage, including SGOT, SGPT, ALP, total and direct bilirubin, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA). Concurrently, treatment restored protective biochemical parameters such as total protein, glutathione (GSH), and catalase. Histopathological analysis supported the biochemical findings, showing regeneration of hepatocytes and preservation of liver architecture, closely comparable to that observed with the standard hepatoprotective drug, silymarin. Among the derivatives, Test compound 3 demonstrated superior activity, likely due to the presence of an amine substituent contributing to its enhanced pharmacological profile. Overall, the findings indicate that synthetic piperonal derivatives, particularly Test compound 3, exhibit strong antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential and may serve as promising candidates for further therapeutic development.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Piperonal derivatives
  topic: keywords
subject: Hepatoprotective activity
  topic: keywords
subject: Antioxidant activity
  topic: keywords
subject: Carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)
  topic: keywords
subject: Oxidative stress
  topic: keywords
subject: Glutathione (GSH)
  topic: keywords
subject: Catalase
  topic: keywords
subject: Malondialdehyde (MDA)
  topic: keywords
subject: Silymarin
  topic: keywords
subject: Liver histopathology
  topic: keywords
creator: Mamatha A
creator: Suresh Ch
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-07-23
publication date: 2025-07-23
starting page: 82
ending page: 90
doi: 10.30904/j.ijmpr.2025.4834

Formulation and In-vitro Evaluation of Immediate Release Tablets Containing Febuxostat
type: item
description: The aim of the present study is to develop and evaluate the immediate release tablet of Febuxostat by direct compression method. The Super disintegrant Primojel, Ac-Di-Sol and Polyplasdone XL10 were used for immediate release of drug from tablet. The prepared tablets were evaluated for all pre-compression parameters and post-compression parameters. The drug excipients interaction was investigated by FTIR. All formulation showed compliances with Pharmacopoeial standards. The study reveals that formulations prepared by direct compression F3 exhibit highest dissolution using primojel showed faster drug release 98.01% over the period of 45min while disintegration time of the tablet was showed 25sec comparison to other formulations of Febuxostat.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Febuxostat
  topic: keywords
subject: superdisintegrant
  topic: keywords
subject: Immediate release tablet
  topic: keywords
subject: primojel
  topic: keywords
creator: Mounika A
creator: Suresh Ch
creator: Likhith Kumar
creator: Abdul Danish Mohd
creator: Ansari Safa
creator: Mehreen Zubiya
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
date: 2025-07-14
publication date: 2025-07-14
starting page: 74
ending page: 81
doi: 10.30904/j.ijmpr.2025.4829