Diabetes Mellitus: A Brief Review on types and Management Strategies

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a life-deadliest disease due to its effect on the lives of people. It has drawn a lot of attention recently. The causes of various forms of diabetes, including type 1 & type 2 were discussed along with how they effect those. Younger generation is more prone to type 1 diabetes than older ones who are more likely to have type 2 diabetes mellitus. Now-a-days diabetes mellitus has materialized as a significant global public health concern with an increase in its prevalence.  Different types of diabetes mellitus which includes type 1 diabetes (Idiopathic & Fulminant), type 2 diabetes, and gestational disease. The role of inflammation in type 1 and type 2 diabetes is examined, along with mediators and potential anti-inflammatory treatments. The manifestation of pancreatic damages β-cell islet inflammation, oxidative stress, & a impaired insulin production. The treatment options and strategies for two forms of diabetes were also discussed in addition to how the disease affects quality of life of people. People from low and middle income countries are more prone to having diabetes. It is associated with obesity. The progression of the disease over time has been associated with an increase in disability and mortality. Additionally, the impact of diabetes mellitus on these stresses, acute kidney injury, immune system complications and other diabetic complications like retinopathy & neuropathy is also examined. Therefore, further research is required to enhance diagnosis, prevent chronic complications & identify potential therapeutic targets for the maintenance of diabetes mellitus and its associated dysfunctions or abnormality.