International Journal of Current Trends in Pharmaceutical Research
Solubility Enhancement and Formulation of Lovastatin Self Emulsifying Drug Delivery System
Self‐emulsifying formulations spread readily in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and the digestive motility of the stomach and the intestine provide the agitation necessary for self-emulsification. These systems advantageously present the drug in dissolved form and the small droplet size provides a large interfacial area for the drug absorption. Hence in the present research a novel dosage form of liquid SMEDDS of Lovastatin was formulated and developed to enhance their solubility and dissolution, which may enhance the oral absorption and therapeutic performance of drug. From pseudo ternary PD, highest microemulsion zone found was at Smix ratio (4:1). From pseudo ternary diagram, quantitative selection of vehicles was done and liquid SMEDDS formulations of lovastatin were prepared (L1 to L5) by varying concentration of oil and Smix. The SMEDDS L2 showed high negative zetapotential near to range, homogenous globule distribution (from PDI), smaller droplets, high %T and % drug content. L2 showed drug release of 99 % whereas pure drug showed 30.5 % at 30 min in pH 1.2. L2 showed drug release of 99 % whereas pure drug showed 54.9 % at 30 min in pH 7.0 buffer with SLS, L2 showed drug release of 98.9 % whereas pure drug showed 33.92% at 30 min in pH 7.0 buffer without SLS, which indicate drastic improvement in drug release from liquid SMEDDS L2 in comparison to pure drug.
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Investigation of Cardiac Protective Activity of Ethanolic Extracts of Tribulus Terrestris in Rats
Heart attack, also called myocardial infarction (MI), and related complications are the main causes of deaths throughout the world. The use of herbal antioxidants is increasing as defensive agents against number of cardiovascular abnormalities. Developing countries are reliant on medicinal plants as their main source of treatment for diseases. As Tribulus Terrestris have the native habitat the production is more so it is locally available cost effective with no side effects. As Tribulus Terrestris is cost effective and beneficiary in metabolism of cholesterol, so it has been taken in to consideration in order “To evaluate cardio protective activity of Methanolic Extract of Tribulus Terrestris. From the experimental studies carried out on aqueous methanolic extract of Tribulus Terrestris seeds at two different doses (250mg/kg, 500mg/kg) showed dose dependent cardio protective activity with Doxorubicin-induced cardio toxicity. The higher dose 500mg/kg showed significant protective activity compared to low dose 250mg/kg. Further studies should be carried out to isolate the potential chemical constituents of aqueous ethanolic extract of Tribulus Terrestris seeds and to find its mechanism of action in the treatment.
Design and In-vitro Characterization of Nimodipine Effervescent Floating Tablets
Nimodipine is a calcium channel blocker originally developed for the treatment of high blood pressure. It is not frequently used for this indication, but has shown good results in preventing a major complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage (a form of cerebral hemorrhage) termed vasospasm; this is now the main use of nimodipine. In the present research work effervescent floating formulation of Nimodipine by using various polymers. Initially analytical method development was done for the drug molecule. Absorption maxima was determined based on that calibration curve was developed by using different concentrations. Gas generating agent sodium bicarbonate was used. Then the formulation was developed by using different concentrations of polymers of various polymers. The formulation blend was subjected to various pre formulation studies, flow properties and all the formulations were found to be good indicating that the powder blend has good flow properties. Among all the formulations the formulation F3 prepared by using Xanthan gum 45 mg produced maximum drug release compared to other formulations hence it was considered as the optimized formulation. The optimized formulation dissolution data was subjected to release kinetics, from the release kinetics data it was evident that the formulation followed zero order kinetics of drug release.
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Formulation and In-Vitro Evaluation of Oro Dispersible Tablets of Atovaquone Solid Dispersion
Atovaquone is a chemical compound that belongs to the class of naphthoquinones. Atovaquone is a hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, an analog of ubiquinone, with antipneumocystic activity. The main objective of the present work was to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of poorly water soluble anti-hypertensive drug Atovaquone by Solid dispersion technology using hydrophilic polymer poloxamer 407 as carrier. Nine formulations were prepared by employing primellose ,explosol and crospopharm as super disintegrants. The prepared formulations were evaluated and characterized. All the results of pre-compression parameters were found to be satisfactory and post-compression parameters showed good mechanical strength and good uniformity in all formulations. Based on the in-vitro dissolution studies F3 formulation was considered as the optimized formulation since it has shown the maximum drug release of 97.21% in 60mins compared to all other formulations.
Formulation and evaluation of ointments containing methanolic leaf extract of Momordica balsamina Linn (Cucurbitaceae) for wound healing
Drugs obtained from natural or synthetic sources are not administered to patients as such. They are usually presented in a form which is stable, effective, efficacious and acceptable to the consumers. The aim of this study was to formulate the methanolic leaf extract of Momordica balsamina as an ointment for wound healing purposes, and evaluate the properties of the products. A 0.1 or 0.2% w/w Momordica balsamina extract was incorporated into Emulsifying Ointment BP, Cetrimide Emulsifying Ointment BP and Cetomacrogol Emulsifying Ointment BP. These are examples of anionic, cationic and non-ionic ointment bases respectively. The consistency, pH, spreadability, and extrudability of the herbal ointments were evaluated by suitable methods and techniques. The antibacterial property was assessed by the agar well diffusion method using Staph aureus, and by the ability of the ointments to heal open wounds inflicted on male and female albino rats. Results show that the ointment formulated with the anionic base exhibited the fastest rate of wound healing compared to others. The inhibition zone diameter of this ointment against Staph aureus was 14±2.31 mm. The ointment equally possessed spreadability and extrudability profiles comparable to those of cationic and nonionic bases or penicillin skin ointment used for comparison. It is also non-irritant to the skin of the experimental animals. On the basis of these, Emulsifying Ointment BP could be employed as a suitable base for formulating ointment containing the extract.
Prepare and Optimization of Cyclobenzaprine Hydrochloride Sustained Release Microspheres
Cyclobenzaprine, a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant used for acute musculoskeletal conditions, suffers from a short half-life and systemic side effects that limit its clinical efficacy, necessitating the development of sustained release formulations. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate Cyclobenzaprine microspheres using ethyl cellulose as the polymeric matrix to achieve controlled drug delivery. Microspheres were prepared through a standardized method, and preformulation studies were conducted on the pure drug to establish its physicochemical characteristics. The prepared formulations (F1, F2, and F3) were evaluated for entrapment efficiency, drug loading, percentage yield, and in vitro drug release profiles. The entrapment efficiency ranged from 34.75% to 87.45%, with drug loading values between 18.10% and 22.65%, and percentage yield varying from 44.8% to 63.2%. In vitro dissolution studies demonstrated controlled release behavior, with F1, F2, and F3 releasing 80.5%, 77.8%, and 72.9% of the drug, respectively, over 8 hours. Among the three formulations, F3 exhibited the most consistent and reliable performance with the highest entrapment efficiency (87.45%), optimal drug loading (22.65%), and the slowest drug release profile (72.9% at 8 hours), indicating superior sustained-release characteristics. These findings suggest that the F3 formulation is promising for further investigation and warrants stability studies, preclinical, and clinical evaluations to confirm its potential as an improved therapeutic option for musculoskeletal disorders.
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Enhancing the Solubility and Dissolution of Ketoprofen by Recrystallization Method
The preliminary study characterized Naproxen as a white, crystalline, odorless powder with high solubility in ethanol, methanol, and phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), while it showed limited solubility in water and 0.1N HCl. The melting point (153°C) was within the standard range. FTIR analysis of the physical mixture revealed no interaction between Naproxen and phosphatidylcholine, confirming their compatibility and supporting vesicular drug delivery formulation. Six formulations varying in soya-phosphatidylcholine, Tween 80, and drug content were prepared and evaluated. Formulation NT2 demonstrated the smallest vesicle size and the highest encapsulation efficiency, making it suitable for further studies. The optimized formulation was incorporated into a gel base and assessed for pH (6.99 ± 0.14), spreadability (14.69 ± 1.52g.cm/sec), viscosity (2748 ± 22 cps), drug content (99.87%), and in vitro drug diffusion. No significant changes were observed in physical appearance, particle size, or drug content during the evaluation. The study concluded that the formulated Naproxen transmucosal gel exhibited high encapsulation efficiency, small particle size, and effective skin barrier penetration, indicating its potential to enhance drug release and bioavailability in transdermal delivery.
Formulation and In-vitro Evaluation of Mesalamine Loaded Magnetic Microspheres for Colon Drug Delivery
Magnetically responsive Mesalamine microspheres were prepared using Eudragit L100-55 and sodium alginate polymers via the solvent evaporation technique. Calibration curves in 0.1N HCl and phosphate buffers (pH 6.8 and 7.4) confirmed linearity and adherence to Beer-Lambert's law, with R² values of 0.999. FTIR spectra verified compatibility of Mesalamine with polymers, demonstrating characteristic functional groups without interaction. The formulations were evaluated for micromeritics, entrapment efficiency, particle size, drug content, drug release percentage, and kinetics. Results showed the drug release followed zero-order kinetics, supported by high correlation coefficients between time and cumulative drug release for all nasal in situ gel formulations. Formulation F3 was identified as optimal, with a particle size of 182 nm, 95% drug entrapment efficiency, and 75.62% drug release at 10 hours. The release mechanism followed Super case-II transport with an 'n' value of 1.669. These findings indicate that mesalamine-loaded magnetic microspheres have significant potential as a targeted drug delivery system, enhancing drug bioavailability and localized release.
Poor solubility poses a significant challenge in drug development, leading to reduced bioavailability and therapeutic inefficacy. Ketoprofen, a poorly water-soluble drug with oral bioavailability around 50%, was selected for solubility improvement using solvates. Two solvate forms were obtained by recrystallization in chloroform and ethanol, both showing superior solubility and dissolution compared to pure Ketoprofen, with chloroform solvate outperforming ethanol solvate. Stability studies revealed that solvates may convert to more crystalline forms over time, impacting dissolution profiles. Tablets prepared from fresh and aged chloroform solvates via direct compression confirmed solvate suitability for pharmaceutical dosage forms. This study concludes that solvates present a viable approach to enhance solubility and dissolution of poorly soluble drugs like Ketoprofen, potentially improving bioavailability.
Preparation, Optimization and Characterization of Labetalol Nanoparticles Via Precipitation Method
The aim of this study was to develop controlled-release nanoparticles of Labetalol Hydrochloride to improve its bioavailability. Nanoparticles were fabricated using polymers including Gelatin, HPMC, and Eudragit S100 via a precipitation technique. FT-IR analysis confirmed no chemical interactions between drug and polymers. The nanoparticles exhibited spherical morphology with smooth surfaces, uniform size distribution ranging from approximately 122 to 642 nm, and high encapsulation efficiency that increased with polymer concentration. Zeta potential measurements indicated good colloidal stability, with the best formulations showing values around 20 mV. The drug release was sustained and prolonged, following Super case-II transport mechanisms, with an optimized formulation releasing about 86% of the drug over 12 hours. These results demonstrate the potential of such polymeric nanoparticles for enhancing therapeutic efficacy of Labetalol HCl, warranting further in vivo evaluation in suitable models. This approach yields controlled drug delivery suitable for lipophilic drugs with limited water solubility, possibly improving antihypertensive therapy through reduced dosing frequency and enhanced bioavailability.
Design and Evaluation of Mucoadhesive Ocuserts Containing Gatifloxacin
Ocuserts of Gatifloxacin were successfully developed using various polymers including PVA, HPMC, PVP, and Hydroxyethyl Cellulose (HEC) via solvent casting. The prepared films were smooth, transparent, and flexible, although some variation in thickness was observed despite casting on leveled petri dishes. Formulation PD3, which contained HEC, exhibited the highest moisture absorption and showed prolonged in vitro drug release of approximately 47.2% over 12 hours, outperforming other polymers (release order: HEC > PVA > HPMC > PVP). Ex vivo permeation studies of PD3 demonstrated about 51.3% drug release. Drug release kinetics of the optimized formulation followed zero-order release and suggested a Case II transport mechanism. Plasticized with di-butyl phthalate, the ocuserts showed suitable physicochemical properties and permeability, providing controlled release with uniform thickness and weight. These findings indicate that the developed ocuserts can reduce dosing frequency and improve patient compliance by minimizing drug wastage, making them a promising system for sustained ocular delivery of Gatifloxacin.
Fabrication and Characterization of Fluconazole Cubosomal Gel for Topical Application
The primary aim of this study was to develop a cubosomal topical gel formulation for achieving controlled and extended drug release. Cubosomes, characterized by well-defined morphology and particle size, and compatibility with human tissues, are ideal carriers for topical drug delivery. Their structural similarity to epithelial cells enhances drug penetration through the skin and mucosal layers, improving permeability. Various formulations were prepared using glycerol monooleate (GMO) concentrations of 4.00% to 4.80% w/w and Pluronic F127 concentrations ranging from 0.20% to 1.00% w/w to optimize particle size and drug encapsulation efficiency. Increasing Pluronic F127 concentration reduced particle size from 198 ± 0.36 nm to 112 ± 0.47 nm, with 1% Pluronic F127 providing optimal stability and an entrapment efficiency of approximately 99.80 ± 0.04%. SEM images confirmed the smooth, cubic shape of the optimized cubosomes, while zeta potential measurements (-23.36 mV for formulation F9) indicated good stability without aggregation due to steric stabilization by Pluronic F127. Drug content was uniformly distributed, with the best formulation showing around 98.00 ± 0.02% drug loading. In vitro release over 8 hours demonstrated controlled drug release of approximately 60.85 ± 0.43%. The release followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model with high linearity (R²=0.998), indicating Super case-II transport. The cubosomes were incorporated into gels using 0.5% Carbopol, and the resulting topical gels exhibited acceptable appearance, pH, and viscosity. In conclusion, the formulated glycerol monooleate-based fluconazole cubosomal gel, stabilized by Pluronic F127 and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), demonstrated high drug loading, excellent stability, and controlled release properties. This formulation holds promise as an effective topical antifungal treatment for conditions such as candidiasis and leishmaniasis.
Preparation and Evaluation of Docetaxel-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles for Enhanced Solubility and Bioavailability
Docetaxel-loaded PLGA nanoparticles were developed using emulsification solvent evaporation, with the optimized formulation (NP3) showing a drug loading of 3.37 ± 0.19%, loading efficiency of 84.25 ± 4.95%, and process yield of 72.62 ± 9.96%. The nanoparticles had submicron particle sizes ranging from 308.6 to 369.5 nm and moderate zeta potential values between −7.60 and −10.70 mV, indicative of reasonable stability. Microscopic analyses (FESEM and TEM) confirmed spherical morphology and uniform drug distribution. In vitro drug release exhibited an initial burst followed by a sustained release over 30 days, with NP3 releasing the drug slowest (31.22 ± 1.56%). Drug release kinetics suggested diffusion-controlled mechanisms, with NP1 and NP3 fitting Korsmeyer-Peppas models and NP2 aligning with the Higuchi model. FTIR and DSC studies showed no chemical interaction and confirmed the drug’s physical state within nanoparticles. Cytotoxicity assays demonstrated enhanced uptake and greater efficacy of NP3 in liver cancer cell lines while sparing normal cells. Pharmacokinetic evaluation in rats revealed prolonged plasma drug levels, extended mean residence time, increased bioavailability, and higher liver accumulation for NP3 relative to free drug and marketed formulation (Pacliall®). These results highlight the potential of docetaxel-loaded PLGA nanoparticles as effective delivery systems for liver cancer therapy, offering sustained drug release with reduced toxicity.
Formulation and Evaluation of Oral Disintegrating Tablets of Aripiprazole by Solid Dispersion Technique
The aim of the present research was to develop and evaluate Aripiprazole oraldisintegrating tablets (ODT). Over the past three decades, orally disintegrating tablets have gained considerable attention as a preferred alternative to conventional tablets due to better patient compliance. The most preferable route of drug administration (e.g. oral) is limited to drug candidate that show poor permeability across the gastric mucosa and those, which are sparingly soluble. A large majority of the new chemical entities and many new existing drug molecules are poorly soluble, thereby limiting their potential uses and increasing the difficulty of formulating bioavailable drug products. Formulations were prepared using different superdisintegrants such as crosscaramellose sodium, sodium starch glycolate, crosspovidone and using diluent like microcrystalline cellulose pH102, and mannitol respectively by direct compression method. The properties of the formulations such as porosity, hardness, friability, wetting time, water absorption ratio and disintegration time were investigated. All the formulations showed good flow properties, low weight variation with rapid disintegration time and in-vitro dissolution. The drug content of all the formulations was within the acceptable limits. The wetting time for F6 & F9 formulations was below one minute. Formulation F9 which contains 5% of crosspovidone showed least in- vitro disintegration time i.e., below 30 seconds and more than 98% drug release within 30 minutes. The in-vitro drug release of Aripiprazole ODT showed the highest linearity by first order. The excipients used in this study did not alter physicochemical properties of the drug, as tested by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
Formulation Design and In-Vitro Evaluation of Tamoxifen Nanosponges
Nanosponges, created by the pharmaceutical industry, solve physical, biological, and chemical issues in disease treatment. Their nano-sized cavities enhance hydrophobic drug solubility and efficacy. They target drugs to specific sites, minimizing side effects. Studies show that nanosponges, able to transport both fat-loving and water-loving substances are five times more effective than conventional methods in delivering breast cancer drug.
QBD Driven Analytical Method Development and Validation for Sotagliflozin in bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form by RP- HPLC
A simple, sensitive, and precise reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the quantitative estimation of Sotagliflozin in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms, following ICH Q2(R1) guidelines. Chromatographic separation was achieved using an Inspire C18 column (3.0 × 150 mm, 5 µm) with a mobile phase comprising phosphate buffer (pH 5.8) and methanol in a 70:30 v/v ratio at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Detection was performed at 221 nm using a PDA detector, with an injection volume of 10 μL and a run time of 20 minutes. The method demonstrated excellent linearity in the range of 10–50 μg/mL, with a correlation coefficient (R²) of 0.9996. System suitability parameters, including a USP plate count of 7801.77 and a tailing factor of 1.02, complied with acceptance criteria. Precision studies showed %RSD values of 0.11% (repeatability) and 0.12% (intermediate precision), indicating high reproducibility. Accuracy results yielded a mean recovery of 100.3%, confirming method reliability. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were found to be 0.03 μg/mL and 0.09 μg/mL, respectively. Robustness testing demonstrated that deliberate variations in flow rate and mobile phase composition did not significantly affect chromatographic performance. This validated RP-HPLC method is reliable, rapid, and cost-effective, making it suitable for routine quality control and regulatory compliance testing of Sotagliflozin in pharmaceutical formulations.
Phosphate Buffer–Methanol Mobile Phase (pH 5.8)
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Formulation and In-Vitro Evaluation of Taste Masked Fast Disintegrating Tablet Rosuvastatin Calcium
The present study was aimed at developing oral disintegrating tablets (ODTs) of Rosuvastatin with enhanced solubility and rapid disintegration using a simple and cost-effective method. A suitable UV-Visible spectrophotometric method was established for drug analysis, with λmax identified at 220 nm in phosphate buffer pH 6.8. ODTs were successfully formulated by direct compression technique utilizing pregelatinized starch, banana powder, and corn starch as natural and conventional excipients. All prepared formulations were evaluated for hardness, friability, weight variation, and drug content, and the values were found to be within acceptable limits, confirming good quality and reproducibility. In vitro drug release studies indicated that formulation F3 exhibited the best performance, showing superior release characteristics compared to other batches. Notably, formulations containing banana powder demonstrated enhanced drug release compared to those with other excipients. Overall, the study successfully achieved its objective of formulating Rosuvastatin ODTs using minimal excipients and a simple manufacturing approach, ensuring improved solubility and patient compliance.
Formulation and Development of Floating Tablets of Nizatidine
This study focused on the development and evaluation of floating tablets of Nizatidine designed to prolong gastric retention and achieve sustained drug release. A UV-Visible spectrophotometric method was validated for drug quantification using 0.1N HCl as the solvent with absorbance measured at 242 nm, showing excellent linearity and precision within 2 to 10 µg/ml concentration range. The pre-compression evaluation of powder blends revealed consistent bulk and tapped densities, favorable flow and compressibility properties as indicated by Carr’s index, Hausner ratio, and angle of repose, suitable for direct compression.Post-compression studies confirmed tablet formulations met pharmacopeial requirements for hardness, friability, drug content, thickness, and weight uniformity, ensuring mechanical robustness and dosage accuracy. In vitro buoyancy tests demonstrated rapid floating onset and maintained buoyancy up to 12 hours with matrix integrity intact. The dissolution profile highlighted efficient, sustained drug release, with the optimal formulation displaying a release mechanism consistent with diffusion-controlled, non-Fickian behavior, as supported by kinetic modeling. Overall, the research successfully formulated gastroretentive Nizatidine floating tablets with enhanced gastric residence, controlled release characteristics, and potential for improved therapeutic efficacy and patient adherence.
Breaking the Pressure: Hypertension Management for Lasting Health
Hypertension, also known as high or raised blood pressure, is a global public health issue. It contributes to the burden of heart disease, stroke and kidney failure and premature mortality and disability. It disproportionately affects populations in low- and middle-income countries where health systems are weak. Hypertension rarely causes symptoms in the early stages and many people go undiagnosed. Those who are diagnosed may not have access to treatment and may not be able to successfully control their illness over the long term. There are significant health and economic gains attached to early detection, adequate treatment and good control of hypertension. Treating the complications of hypertension entails costly interventions such as cardiac bypass surgery, carotid artery surgery and dialysis, draining individual and government budgets. Addressing behavioural risk factors, e.g. unhealthy diet, harmful use of alcohol and physical inactivity, can prevent hypertension. Tobacco use increases the risk of complications of hypertension. If no action is taken to reduce exposure to these factors, cardiovascular disease incidence, including hypertension, will increase. Salt reduction initiatives can make a major contribution to prevention and control of high blood pressure. However, vertical programmes focusing on hypertension control alone are not cost effective. Integrated noncommunicable disease programmes implemented through a primary health care approach are an affordable and sustainable way for countries to tackle hypertension. Prevention and control of hypertension is complex, and demands multi-stakeholder collaboration, including governments, civil society, academia and the food and beverage industry.
A Review of SwissADME in Morden Medicinal Chemistry: Insights on Anti-Cancer, Anti-Tubercular, and Anti-Microbial Agents
The process of drug discovery has evolved dramatically with the integration of computational tools capable of predicting key pharmacokinetic and physicochemical parameters of small molecules. SwissADME, a freely available web-based tool developed by the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, provides medicinal chemists with an efficient platform to assess parameters such as lipophilicity, solubility, bioavailability, and drug-likeness. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the applications of SwissADME in the design and development of anticancer, antitubercular, and antimicrobial agents. The study emphasizes the importance of in silico ADME predictions in lead optimization, compound prioritization, and rational drug design. Furthermore, it discusses how SwissADME complements molecular docking, QSAR, and pharmacophore modeling in streamlining preclinical research. Comparative insights with other ADME tools, including pkCSM and admetSAR, are also provided. The review concludes with current limitations and future directions, highlighting the integration of SwissADME with artificial intelligence and machine learning for improved predictive accuracy in drug discovery.
A Review on Preparation and Evaluation of Herbal Face Creams and It’s Applications in Pharmaceutical field
Herbal cosmetics are in high demand due to the availability of novel components and the financial incentives for producing profitable products and maintaining high quality standards. Cosmetics are items that are used to apply to the skin. Face cream is a product that softens and cleanses the skin. The ayurvedic system of medicine is one of the most prominent systems of medicine that employs herbal plants and extracts to treat and manage a variety of diseases. Cosmetics are easily available today in the form of creams, lips, perfumes, eye shadows, nail polishes, hair sprays etc. Some cosmetics such as face powder give light to the skin after applying a basic cream. Then we have lipstick, which is used by many women of all ages. They are made with wax and cocoa butter in the required amount. Cosmetics such as creams, gels, and cologne are used daily by both women and men. Creams work as a facial cleanser in most cases. Recently, anti-aging creams have been developed that can keep skin looking younger for years. The best cleaning products are cleansing cream, soap and water. Cosmetic creams work as a skin moisturizer for dry, dry and cracked skin. It basically softens, softens and removes unwanted impurities from the skin. Face cream are semi-solid preparation. They are commonly used to hydrate and improve complexion of skin. Main aim of this research project is to prepare a herbal cream and evaluate its efficacy. Formulation is evaluated for various factors like pH, consistency, stability, appearance, homogeneity and organoleptic properties. Satisfied result was acquired from the formulation. The skin is the most accessible part of the body and as a result is at high risk of injury. The need for cream-based remedies is also increasing day by day.
A Review on Herbal Medicines Role in the Management of Various Chronic Diseases
Natural products, especially those derived from plants, have been used to help mankind sustain human health since the dawn of medicine. Traditional medicine has been in existence since time immemorial and has been well accepted and utilized by the people throughout history. Since ancient times, plants have been an exemplary source of medicines. Plant-derived medicinal products have attracted the attention of scientists around the world for many years due to their minimum side effects and positive effects on human health. In the pharmaceutical landscape, plants with a long history of use in ethnomedicine can be a rich source of substances for the treatment of various ailments and infectious diseases. Medicinal plants are considered a repository of numerous types of bioactive compounds possessing varied therapeutic properties. The vast array of therapeutic effects associated with medicinal plants includes anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antitumor, antimalarial, and analgesic properties. According to the World Health Organization a variety of drugs are obtained from different medicinal plants and about 80% of the world’s developing population depends on traditional medicines for their primary health care needs. A high frequency of scientifically unsupported uses of some herbal products that claimed to treat chronic conditions was found. A substantial proportion of patients did not inform their pharmacists about herbal products use, therefore to avoid any possible negative outcomes, better counseling and communication between patients and health care professionals is recommended.
Formulation and Evaluation of Rapid Dissolving Tablet of Bilastine
The demand for fast dissolving tablets has been growing during the last decade especially for elderly and children who have swallowing difficulties. In the present work fast dissolving tablets of Bilastine were prepared with Plantago ovata seed powder ,Tulsion 33 and Locust bean gum as superdisintegrants by direct compression method. The tablets were evaluated for various parameters including weight variation , hardness, friability, drug content ,In vitro drug release and FTIR. The tablets prepared by direct compression method had a weight variation in the range of 118.35 to 122.31, hardness of 2.36 to 3.25 Kg/cm2 , percentage friability of 0.33 to 0.52 % is with in the limits, drug content uniformity between 97.21 to 99.83 % and In vitro drug release of B4 formulation was 99.25% for 30mints. The FTIR spectral analysis showed no drug interaction with formulation additives of the tablet and the formulation indicated no significants.
Formulation of Antiseptic Ointment from Mangifera Indica Seed and Leaf Powder Extracts
Background: Ointments are semisolid dosage form which usually actasvisco-elasticmaterials when shear stress is applied. They generally contain medicinal ingredients and are used to be applied externally to the body for therapeutic effect. Aim: Medicinal plant parts and extracts have been the focus of several researches. This is because there is increasing need to develop novel therapeutic and pharmaceutical products as alternatives to synthetic products. Materials and Methods: Mangifera indica, commonly used herb in ayurvedic medicine. Although review articles on this plant arealready published, but this review article is presented tocompile allt heupdated information on its phytochemical and pharmacological activities, which were performed widely cardiotonic , hypotensive, anti-inflammatory properties. Results and Discussion: Various studies have been conducted on extracts obtained from leaves, fruit peel, root, stem bark and seed kernel of M. indica to ascertain their antimicrobial activities. Quantity of extracts and quantity of phytochemicals in a particular extract are dependent on a number of factors which include type of solvent used, extraction method, seasons and environmental conditions. Conclusion: This study shows that MI has high potential as antimicrobial agent when formulated as ointment for topical use and could, therefore, explain the successes claimed in the folk use of the plant in the treatment of common skin conditions. Among the Prepared Formulation Batches, F5 showed the higher zone of inhibition against S. aureus, C. albicans, E. coli, M. smegmatis. Formulation F1, F2, F3, F4 of Ointment have lesser zone of inhibition compared with F5 ointment.
A Review on Viral Diseases Prevention and Management in the Community
Viral infections are important causes of disease of the respiratory tract. The common cold is the most frequently encountered infectious syndrome of humans, while influenza continues to be a major cause of mortality and serious morbidity worldwide. Respiratory viral infections frequently complicate the course of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Immunocompromised persons in the population has increased, infections due to cytomegalovirus and other herpes viruses, adenoviruses, and paramyxoviruses. A proper understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying RNAi lags behind the movement to apply this technology to human diseases such as viral infections. Despite increasing availability of rapid nucleic acid amplification assays for laboratory diagnosis, effective antivirals, and safe vaccines, the control of most viral infections depends on time-honored surveillance and infection control measures. Moreover most viruses can be readily destroyed by common disinfectants and proper follow of infection preventive mesures colud lower the viral diseases spreading count in the community.
Flaxseed Based Rice Water Keratin Treatment Hair Gel
The goal of the current study was to create and assess a rice water keratin therapy hair gel based on flaxseeds. The ingredients were divided into five different formulas. Silk and healthy hair is provided by the high concentration of 100g of Jatamansi in all five formulations. The measured amount of 15ml aloevera gel is needed to regulate oily hair and strengthen hair. The 425ml of rice water results in thick, glossy hair. Use ten grams of guar gum to reduce hair frizz. Vitamin B, selenium, and copper are among the replenishing nutrients found in 75% flaxseed that aid in hydrating the hair and scalp. The formulations were evaluated based on a number of criteria, including good physical appearance with the properties of light black and translucent colour, homogeneity and good performance, pH values between 6.92 and 7.02, viscosity values between 9361 and 9379 cps, no gel trace, skin compatibility and non-irritating properties, extrudability values between 84.0 and 89.5±0.001, spread ability values of 13.33 cm/sec, and stability studies conducted for 30 days at room temperature between 25 and 30°C. The work justifies all the evaluation parameters by showing the rice water keratin treatment through hair gels based on flaxseeds.
Design and Evaluation of Extended-Release Carbamazepine Formulation for Seizure Control: Improving Patient Compliance
The current study was aimed at evaluating and comparing the performance of three different polymers Carbopol, HPMC K4M, and HPMC K15M in the formulation of extended-release tablets of Carbamazepine. The primary focus was to investigate how the physico-chemical properties of both the active drug and polymers influenced the drug release kinetics. Pre-compression parameters such as angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, and compressibility index confirmed the suitability of the formulations for direct compression. Post-compression evaluation revealed satisfactory outcomes for all tested parameters, including tablet thickness, weight variation, hardness, content uniformity and in vitro drug release. The results demonstrated that Carbamazepine is a suitable candidate for extended-release formulations, as it exhibited a sustained drug release profile that helps maintain therapeutic plasma concentration without reaching toxic levels. This sustained release further supports reduced dosing frequency, making the formulation more patient-compliant. The study also confirmed that increasing the polymer concentration significantly decreased the rate of drug release. Among all formulations, F3 displayed the most desirable extended-release characteristics. This highlights the importance of polymer selection and optimization in achieving controlled drug release. Release kinetics evaluation confirmed that the drug followed first-order release behavior and the mechanism of release fitted the Higuchi model, indicating diffusion as the primary drug release mechanism. These findings suggest that the proposed extended-release formulations could be a promising alternative to conventional Carbamazepine dosage forms and may offer improved therapeutic outcomes in clinical applications.
Formulation, Characterization and Evaluation of Nanobubbles in Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Methotrexate (MTX), an orange-brown, crystalline and odourless compound with a melting point of 189°C, exhibits poor water solubility but shows improved dissolution in phosphate buffer. To enhance its delivery, MTX nanobubbles were formulated using Poloxamer 407 and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Characterization by XRD and FTIR confirmed the crystalline structure and chemical integrity of MTX. The resulting nanobubbles were small (23–185 nm), exhibited good stability (zeta potential ranging from -18.2 to -36.1 mV), and maintained a skin-friendly pH (~6.3–6.9). The formulations demonstrated high drug entrapment efficiency (60–89%) and sustained drug release for up to 48 hours, following the Higuchi diffusion model. Among the formulations studied, F3 and F4 showed superior performance, with F4 emerging as the optimal formulation. Stability studies confirmed the nanobubbles remained stable for six months. Overall, MTX nanobubbles offer a promising platform for sustained and controlled MTX delivery with potential applications in topical and systemic therapies.
Preparation and characterization of valsartan nanoparticles
Valsartan is an orally active, highly selective angiotensin II receptor blocker widely used to treat hypertension. However, its low oral bioavailability (only 23%) limits its effectiveness. This poor bioavailability is attributed to inadequate absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and rapid drug elimination. To enhance its oral bioavailability, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and polymeric nanoparticles (PNs) formulations of valsartan were developed. The SLNs formulation was prepared using glyceryl monostearate, while the PNs formulation utilized a pH-dependent polymer. Optimization of the formulations was carried out using Design Expert® software, considering five key response factors: drug content, drug entrapment efficiency, particle size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index. The optimized formulations underwent further characterization, including surface morphology analysis, in vitro drug release studies, cell line toxicity assessments, and pharmacokinetic evaluations. Toxicity studies confirmed that the optimized nanoformulations were non-toxic. Additionally, the relative bioavailability was determined by calculating the ratio of the area under the curve (AUC) of the valsartan SLNs or PNs formulation to that of standard valsartan. The values obtained were 4.07 for SLNs and 2.47 for PNs, demonstrating a significant improvement in bioavailability.
A Review on Transdermal patch loaded with capecitabine nanopaticles used for breast cancer therapy
Nanoparticle based drugs are an advanced approach in Cancer treatment using nanoscale particles to deliver drugs more effectively to cancer cell. While minimising damage to healthy cells. Nano particles typically range from 1to 100 Nanometre in size. Breast Cancer is a Leading Cause of Cancer - related deaths in women. To address these challenges, we developed a nanoparticle Mediated Capecitabine transdermal patch for targeted breast Cancer therapy. Polymeric nanoparticles Loaded with Capecitabine Were prepared using Solvent Evaporation method and characterized for size, Morphology, and drug release. Compared to oral capecitabine, the Novel delivery system offers a promising approach for Enhance breast cancer therapy, with potential for improve patient outcomes and quality of life. The Nano particles, Were then incorporated into a transdermal patch, which was Evaluated for in vitro skin permeation pharmacokinetics. Results showed enhanced skin permeation and controlled drug release leading to increased bioavailability and reduced toxicity.