Complications of Smoking on Oral Health

Abstract

Smoking is a common practice and damages almost all organs and systems of the body. Oral cavity is often overlooked yet such an important region. Its rich flora contains many microorganisms that cause local and systemic diseases if microbiological flora is altered. Cigarette smoke renders oral mucosa epithelium to be susceptible for colonization of pathogens. These pathogens can cause or contribute formation of systemic diseases such as diabetes and obesity. Also smoking causes mutations that can lead to cancers. Many cancerous or precancerous lesions and bad breath attributed to smoking. This review focuses smoking related oral cavity conditions and their mechanisms. Smoking is a prevalent habit with severe implications for oral health. This comprehensive review delves into the multifaceted ways in which smoking adversely affects oral health, ranging from aesthetic concerns to severe pathological conditions.Through an exploration of empirical evidence and expert opinions, this paper highlights the need for increased awareness, preventive measures, and cessation interventions to mitigate the detrimental effects of smoking on oral health.This review explores the intricate relationship between smoking and oral health, delving into the multifaceted consequences that tobacco use imposes on the oral cavity. The analysis encompasses various dimensions, including the increased risks of gum disease, oral cancer, and compromised overall dental well-being associated with smoking.The adverse effects of smoking on oral health are examined in detail, encompassing issues such as tooth staining, periodontal disease, and the heightened susceptibility to dental decay. Additionally, the review investigates the intricate molecular and physiological mechanisms by which smoking exacerbates oral health challenges, from compromised blood flow to impaired healing processes.