New Immunotherapy Approaches for Preventing Cancer

Abstract

Cancer is a disease in which some of the body’s cells grow uncontrollably and spread to other parts of the body.  Cancer can start almost anywhere in the human body, which is made up of trillions of cells. Normally, human cells grow and multiply to form new cells as the body needs them. When cells grow old or become damaged, they die, and new cells take their place. Sometimes this orderly process breaks down, and abnormal or damaged cells grow and multiply faster compared to other cells. These cells may form tumors, which are lumps of tissue. Tumors can be cancerous or not cancerous. Cancerous tumors spread into, or invade, nearby tissues and can travel to distant places in the body to form new tumors. Immunotherapy is a pivotal intervention in managing a spectrum of immunological disorders, from immune deficiencies to malignancies. The diverse modalities of immunotherapy, their mechanisms of action, potential adverse events, and crucial considerations such as dosing and monitoring. Cancer immunotherapy, encompassing both experimental and standard-of-care therapies, has emerged as a promising approach to harnessing the immune system for tumor suppression. Experimental strategies, including novel immunotherapies and preclinical models, are actively being explored, while established treatments, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors. Cancer immunotherapy has introduced novel possibilities for cancer treatment. The development of advanced animal models is essential to better replicate human tumor-immune system interactions, facilitating more accurate preclinical assessments and optimizing therapeutic strategies can lower the cancer progression in the community.  Deploying immune-based interventions in the early stage of cancer is likely most effective, and application of immune-based interventions to intercept and even prevent the future occurrence of cancer.